海岸侵蚀和海岸线管理的初步研究

Discussion about Coastline Erosion and Management

在我国多的海岸线上海岸侵蚀后退问题相当普遍,海岸的后退侵蚀给沿海地区造成了 30 000 km 严重的危害,近年来随着海平面上升及河流径流量减少引起入海泥沙量减少,海岸侵蚀有不断加剧的趋势,海岸线管理就是针对海岸侵蚀而提出来的一项管理政策。本文在对中国海岸侵蚀原因分析的基础上,结合国外成功的岸线管理经验提出了关于海岸线侵蚀管理中的若干概念、海岸线管理的技术和理论支持以及海岸带立法和海岸线管理程序。

The phenomena of coastline erosion is ubiquitously existing on the 30 thousands km coastline in China. Natural erosion process and man-made destruction are the main causes of coastal erosion in China. And the mechanism of coastal erosion is (1)material loss, i.e., reduction of river runoff and sand, excessive use of coastal sand material and improper coast projects (2) build up of coast-ocean power such as rising of sea level and destroying of natural barrier. The aftermath of coastline erosion is critically severe which has resulted in the loss of coastal land. Over time, the problem has become more serious. In order to guarantee the safety of coastal area management of coastline is suggested which is part the of integrated coastal zone management. Based on the analysis of coastline erosion in China and successful management experience in other countries such as the Netherlands, Sri Lanka and Hawaii some advices have been suggested such as definition of some conception, construction of geographical information system, legislation and organization of different management sections. Also a frame of management procedure is included in the article.