中国GNSS-R航空飞行试验初步结果之一:土壤湿度测量(英文)

Initial results of China's GNSS-R airborne campaign: soil moisture retrievals

全球导航卫星反射信号遥感(Global Navigation Satellite System Reflectometry,GNSS-R)是近年来新兴的学科交叉研究领域,其通过接收导航卫星(如GPS、北斗)的海面/陆面反射信号来获取参数信息(如海面高度、土壤湿度等).GNSS-R的最终目标是实现大范围、全天时、高时间分辨率的星载观测,航空飞行试验是实现星载可行性论证的必要条件.本文报道中国2014年5月于河南郑州开展的GNSS-R航空飞行试验概况,并给出陆表参数——土壤湿度的估算方法和结果分析,为中国GNSS-R观测试验开展、自主载荷研制、陆面观测数据处理等提供参考.

The global navigation satellite system reflectometry （GNSS-R） technique has been proven to be a powerful tool for retrieving geophysical parameters of ocean and land/hydrology processes. The ultimate goal for such GNSS-R applications is to achieve large-scale, all- weather, and full-time mapping using spaceborne platforms. In order to ensure both GNSS-R receiver and algorithm meet the requirements of spaceborne observations, airborne experimental campaigns need to be first carried out for early testing and validation purposes. This paper presents a first comprehensive overview of China＇s airborne GNSS-R campaign conducted on May 30, 2014. There were two objectives for this campaign： （l） to examine the capability of the GNSS-R receiver developed by the National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, for airborne observations and （2） to study algo-rithms for soil moisture and altimetry retrievals. In this paper, initial results of soil moisture retrievals are pre- sented. The left-hand circularly polarized-predominant satellite information was successfully used to retrieval soil moisture over the cropland. The right-hand circularly polarized components of the reflected signals were also received and examined. The GPS-derived soil moisture results, on the one hand, correctly represented the spatial variations of the soil moisture along the tracking of the flight; on the other hand, the results underestimated the ground-truth. Errors from the retrieval model and from the positioning and effects from the vegetation layer and from the atmospheric water vapor were the primary causes of the uncertainties in soil moisture retrievals using the airborne GNSS-R data. This airborne experimental campaign firstly investigate that China has the capability to perform airborne GNSS-R observation using the self-developed receiver, although the receiver developed by the NSSC needs to be further examined for its capability for spaceborne observation. The early findings of this study will provide illustrations for planned future airborne campaigns.