孟德斯鸠之“法的精神”到“政治自由”

From “Spirit of the Law” to “Political Freedom” by Montesquieu

孟德斯鸠从"根本理性"出发来认识"人类理性",并指出"人类理性"的"独立行动"倾向造成人类政治的不自由。而"法的精神"克服了人的"独立行动"从而实现"政治自由"。同时,在西方国家政治体系中,"三权分立"限制了人的独立行动,从而,在一定程度上保障了"政治自由"。通过对孟德斯鸠的"法的精神"、分权制衡和司法公信等思想进行分析与批判,从而更加促进和坚定中国特色社会主义法治建设。

Montesquieu tried to establish in line with the human reason of a sound legal system, so as to realize the development of long-cherished wish of French capitalism. He embarked from the fundamental reason to know human rationality, and pointed out that ＂human reason, of independent action tend to cause human politics to be not free, and the spirit of law to overcome the human independent action to achieve the political freedom and separation of the three powers, at the same time limits the person＇ s independent action. It is the fundamental guarantee of ＂political freedom＂ regime. The spirit of the laws, the separation of powers and the judicial public trust and other thoughts play a promoting role on China to build the society of rule by law.