中国12个省份母乳中全氟化合物前体物质含量分析

Analysis of perfluoroalkyl substances precursors in human milk from 12 provinces of China

目的调查我国母乳样品中全氟化合物前体物质的污染状况。方法母乳样品来自于2007年我国履行斯德哥尔摩公约成效评估母乳监测。采样根据地理位置和膳食习惯将中国分为南方区和北方区，每个区选取6个省份，共12个省份，每个省份设3个采样点，包括1个城市点和2个农村点，每个采样点选取志愿者进行母乳采集。各地区采集80～110份样品，全国共采集1237份母乳样品。每个省份的城市样品混合成1个混样，农村样品混成1个混样，全国共24个母乳混合样品。应用超高效液相色谱一串联质谱法和同位素稀释技术对母乳混合样品中11种全氟化合物前体物质含量水平进行分析与比较，进行婴儿母乳摄入量评估。结果我国母乳样品中检测出3种全氟化合物前体物质，分别为1H，1H，2H，2H－全氟辛基磺酸（6：2 FTS）、2H-全氟-2-辛烯酸（FHUEA）和1H，1H，2H，2H－全氟辛基－2－磷酸盐（6：2 diPAP），含量范围分别为〈检出限（LOD）～47．46、〈LOD～70．68和〈LOD～35．08pg／ml。不同省份母乳中全氟化合物前体物质含量水平差异较大，陕西城市母乳样品中全氟化合物前体物质总含量最高，为77．70pg／ml，而湖北城市母乳样品中全氟化合物前体物质总含量最低，小于LOD。多个地区农村与城市母乳样品中全氟化合物前体物质含量水平差异较大，陕西农村和城市样品中分别为1．51、77．70pg／ml，上海农村和城市样品中分别为1．13、71．88pg／ml，江西农村和城市样品中分别为65．39、0．55pg／ml。12省份婴儿母乳中6：2 FTS、FHUEA和6：2 diPAP摄入量范围分别为0．05～4．51、1．13～6．72、1．15～3．34ng·kg^-1·d^-1。结论我国居民存在对全氟化合物前体物质的人体暴露，并具有婴儿膳食摄入的潜在风险；不同前体物质含量和组成显示出明显的地区和城乡差别。

Objective To explore the level of perfluoroalkyl substances （PFASs） precursors in Chinese human milk samples. Methods The human milk samples were collected during the performance of Stockholm convention on survey of human milk in China in 2007. Based on the geographical location and dietary habits, China was divided into the south area and north area which 6 provinces were chosen from each area and there were 12 provinces in all. In each province, one urban site and two rural sites were selected to collect 80-110 samples. Mothers were randomly selected in each site to collect their breast milk. There were 1 237 individual human milk samples in all. For each province, the individual samples from the urban areas and the rural areas were pooled separately resulting in 24 pooled human milk samples. 11 PFAS precursors were measured in pooled samples by ultra- high performance liquid chromatography- tandem quadruple mass spectrometry （UPLC- MS/MS）. The dietary exposure assessment of newborns was made. Results Three PFAS precursors were found above the detection limits, namely, 6：2 FTS, FHUEA, and 6：2 diPAP. Their concentration ranges were 〈Limit of determination（LOD）-47.46 pg/ml, 〈LOD-70.68 pg/ml and〈LOD - 35.08 pg/ml, respectively. The highest total PFAS precursor concentration 77.70 pg/ml was found in urban area samples from Shannxi Province. Rural area samples from Hubei had the lowest total PFAS precursor concentration, which was below the LOD. There were significant differences between rural and urban areas in many provinces, such as Shannxi （rural： 1.51 pg/ml; urban：77.70 pg/ml）, Shanghai （rural： 1.13 pg/ml; urban： 71.88 pg/ml）, Jiangxi （rural： 65.39 pg/ml; urban： 0.55 pg/ml） and so on. The ranges estimated daily intake of 6：2 FTS, FHUEA and 6：2 diPAP of the samples from 12 provinces were 0.05-4.51, 1.13-6.72 and 1.15- 3.34ng·kg^-1·d^-1. Conclusion The results suggested the human exposure of PFAS precursors in China and the potential health impact of postnatal exposure through breastfeeding to infants. The level of PFAS wecursors showed differences in regions, rural and urban places.