抗战文学的分野与联动——新民主主义文化理论的形成与战时区域政治

Distinction and Linkage in Anti-Japanese Literature:Formation of new democratic culture theory and regional politics during Anti-Japanese War

追溯新民主主义文化理论的缘起,视野不能局限在抗战时期的边区之内。"新民主主义"概念的提出,与"统一战线"下"三民主义"与"共产主义"之间的分歧有紧密关联,为了获得"统一战线"中的文化领导权,中共需要打破共产主义理论的传统结构,开拓一个新的理论格局。新民主主义理论的开拓性,是将三民主义和共产主义由空间上的并列关系,变为时间上的先后关系,从而搁置了两种"主义"的争议,获得理论主动。新民主主义文化的提出,既是针对中共之前文化政策在民族主义问题上的理论局限,也注意到国民党"民族主义"理论话语的偏颇和不足,为延安时期中共文艺思想的成熟奠定基础。国、共互动与新民主主义文化理论的关系,启示学界,在认识延安文艺当中的问题时,应该注意到"域外语境"的存在和作用。

While reviewing the history of the New Democratic Cultural Theory during the Resistance War,one should not confine his vision to Yan＇an. In fact,the proposal of the concept of ＂New Democracy＂ is closely associated with the disparity between the Three People＇s Principles proposed by the Kuomintang （KMT） and ＂Communism＂ by the Chinese Communist Party （CCP）under ＂the United Front＂. In order to obtain ~the cultural leadership of ＂the United Front＂ ,CCP then needed to break away from the traditional structure of Communist theory to explore a new theoretical pattern, this ideological reform e ventually leading to the change of the relationship of the two principles from a parallel relationship on space to a precedence relationship in time, disregarding their controversies so as to gain the theoretical initiative. In other words, the proposal of the New Democratic Culture not only aimed at the limitations of the previous cultural policies of CCP when facing the Nationalist issues of the KMT,but also noted the biases and defects in their theoretical discourse,which hence laid the foundation for the maturation of CCPs＇ literary thought in the Yan＇an period. The relationship between the New Democracy Cultural Theory and the KMT and CCP interaction enlightened the academic circles that to know the issues of Yan＇an Literature. It should also take into account the existence and effects of ＂extraterritorial context＂.