琦善在藏举措对清后期治理西藏的影响

From a Series of Measures Taken by Qi Shan During His Missions as Minister-resident-in-Tibet to Analyze the Effect on which the Late Qing Dynasty Governed Tibet

琦善担任驻藏大臣期间(1843—1846年),与钟方等人一道,查办了二世策墨林阿旺降白楚臣嘉措案,并针对摄政擅权的弊病,提出了《裁禁商上积弊章程二十八条》,同时在军事上、经济上也采取了一系列措施。一方面,琦善在西藏的改革是以维护清中央政府在西藏地方的有效统治为目的的,其施政措施是对乾隆五十七年至五十八年(1792—1793年)颁行《钦定藏内善后章程二十九条》的修订与补充;另一方面,琦善身为驻藏大臣,放弃了"稽查核办商上及札什伦布一切出纳"的财政审核监督权以及对藏军的训练指挥权,为此后清政府治理西藏埋下了隐患。

The study focusing on a series of measures taken by Qi Shan during his mission as Minister -resident-in-Tibet（1843--1846） ,to analyze the effect on which the late Qing Dynasty governed Ti- bet. When Qi Shan was in Tibet as the Minister- resident- in- Tibet,he cooperated with his assistant Chong Fang,proposed the ＇Prohibitory 28 Regulations for Long- standing Abuse of Phyag- mdsod＇ which was directed against age- old malpractices arising from monopolized-power by the Regent of Tibet,and investigated and dealt with accordingly the case of ＇the Regent 2nd Mtsho- smon-gling Living Bud- dha＇. Meanwhile,he took a series of military and economic measures. On the one hand,Qi Shan＇s re- form aimed at safeguarding the state sovereignty in Tibet,his administrative measures were revising and replenishing for ＇Regulations of Dealing with Tibetan Problems Made by Imperial Order＇ which issued for enforcement in 1793. From this point,it has vigorous meanings. As a high provincial official,however, Qi Shan abandoned the rights of supervision and checking with regard to finances of Tibetan local gov- ernment,and became free from the training and commanding rights to Tibetan troops. Surely,it must be exert great negative influence on Qing government ruling Tibet henceforth.