从聚落地理文化理论视角看山地村寨形态与农田景观——以务川县仡佬族村寨的遗存保护控制性规划研究为例

Study on the Form of Mountain Village and Its Farmland Landscape from the Perspective of Cultural Theory of Settlement Geography:A Case Study on the Regulatory Planning for the Relics Protection of Gelao Villages in Wuchuan County

基于当代乡村地理学、文化生态学、新考古学等理论,以聚落地理学为契入点,从人类文化与空间特质的视角对贵州省务川县仡佬族聚居地的环境背景、聚落形态、农田景观进行探析。在仡佬族村寨整体大环境背景下,对颇具典型性的务川县龙潭民族文化村的景观构成、空间要素、路网格局、民居样式等异质性景观进行深入的调研分析,发现仡佬族村寨景观的研究价值及诸多严重制约村寨的保护及发展的现存问题。由此对龙潭村的村寨景观开展了遗存保护与旅游发展控制性统筹规划,为寻求山地民族村落景观与农业观光适宜性发展实施的应对策略提供参考,探索一条地域性民族村寨保护与发展之路。

Based on the theories of contemporary rural geography, cultural ecology, and new archaeology, and starting with the settlement geography, this paper probes into the environmental background, settlement patterns, and the farmland landscape of Gelao villages of Wuchuan County in Guizhou Province from the perspective of human culture and space characteristics. Under the overall environment background of Gelao villages, this paper conducts a series of in-depth research and analysis of the landscape heterogeneity of the representative Longtan Village, such as the landscape composition, spatial elements, road networks, and the residential style, through which we found the research value of the landscape in Gelao villages, as well as many existing problems which seriously restrain its development and protection. Therefore we carried out the overall planning for relics protection and tourism development, which is expected to provide some references for seeking the suitable strategies to preserve the landscape of ethnic mountain villages while developing agricultural tourism, and to find a regional way to develop and protect the ethnic villages.