上海市新生代农民工吸烟行为和相关知识态度调查

Survey on smoking statue and somking-related knowledge, attitude and behavior among new generation of migrant workers

目的了解上海市新生代农民工的吸烟行为、吸烟危害健康相关知识的知晓情况及对控烟工作的态度，为开展有效可行的控烟干预策略提供依据。方法于2012年7—10月采用多阶段抽样方法，抽取上海市7个区2338名18～30岁的新生代农民工进行问卷调查，内容包括吸烟情况、戒烟情况、对吸烟危害健康知识的知晓情况，对吸烟及禁烟的态度。结果新生代农民工的吸烟率和现在吸烟率分别为25．1％和22．5％，男性和女性的现在吸烟率分别为44．2％和3．6％。现在吸烟者的日均吸烟量为（11．7±8．9）支，其中中重度吸烟者占35．0％。60．2％（316／525）的现在吸烟者曾经尝试过戒烟，而35．8％（188／525）的现在吸烟者无戒烟意愿。新生代农民工对吸烟和被动吸烟有害健康的知晓率分别为97．0％和96．8％，与现在吸烟者相比，非现在吸烟者对烟草危害的知晓率更高（P〈0．01）。70％以上的新生代农民工知道吸烟会导致肺癌和慢性支气管炎，但对于吸烟与冠心病、脑卒中关系的知晓率低于35％。67．3％（1574／2338）的新生代农名工对吸烟持反对的态度；68．6％（1605／2338）对公共场所禁烟持赞成态度。非现在吸烟者比现在吸烟者对公共场所禁烟更多地持赞成态度（73．6％比51．4％，Х^2=93．28，P〈0．01）。结论上海市新生代农民工的吸烟率仍处于相对较高水平，对于烟草相关危害认识不够全面，对公共场所禁烟的态度有待进一步提高。

Objective To survey smoking status and smoking related knowledge, attitude, behavior among new generation of migrant workers in Shanghai. Methods Multi-stage sampling was used to select 2 338 new generation of migrant workers aged 18 - 30 yeas old from 7 districts in Shanghai during July to October in 2012, and a questionnaire survey was conducted on the smoking status and smoking-related knowledge, attitude and behavior among new generation migrant workers. Results Among 2 338 participants, the smoking rate and current smoking rate was 25. 1% and 22.5% ; and d4.2% male and 3.6% female reported current smoking, respectively. The average cigarettes consumption per current smoker was （ 11.7 ~： 8.9 ） sticks/d; and 35.0% current smokers were moderate to heavy smokers. Among 525 current smokers, 60.2% had ever tried to quit smoking, while 35.8% had no intention to quit smoking in the coming year. 97.0% and 96.8% were aware that active smoking and passive smoking did harm to health. Compared with current smokers, non-current smokers had higher awareness rate of the harm of smoking （P 〈0.01 ）. More than 70% new generation of migrant workers knew that smoking could cause lung cancer, chronic bronchitis, whereas those who knew that smoking could cause stroke and coronary heart disease accounted for less than 35%. 67.3% new generation of migrant workers were against smoking, 68.6% had a positive attitude towards the smoking ban in public places. Non-current smokers expressed a more positive attitude towards the smoking ban in public places than current smokers （73.6% vs. 51.4% ,Х^2 =93.28, P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusion Smoking is common in the new generation of migrant workers in Shanghai. Their smoking-related knowledge is insufficient, and the attitude to smoking ban in public places should be improved.