太原市居家患者的护理需求及影响因素分析

Nursing requirement and influencing factors analysis for patients at home in Taiyuan city

目的探讨居家患者的护理需求及其影响因素。方法采用便利抽样法对太原市500例不同护理需求的居家患者进行调查，采用构成比描述居家患者的一般资料，用均数±标准差（x±s）、百分比（％）描述居家患者的护理需求；患者的个人资料采用描述性分析、两样本采用t检验、单因素方差分析，居家患者护理需求的影响因素采用多元线性回归分析。结果居家患者护理需求均分为（2．25±1．63）分，需求强度依次为：健康指导（2．82±1．34）分、心理护理（2．57±1．68）分、基础护理（2．39±1．16）分、生活护理（1．70±1．31）分、专科护理（1．65±1．07）分；多元线性回归分析显示，性别是基础护理需求的影响因素，人均收入是健康指导需求的影响因素，年龄是心理护理需求的影响因素。结论居家护理是未来护理的发展方向，应以需求为导向，从多维度出发，制定针对性的对策，开展适合国情的居家护理，满足多元化需求。

Objective To explore nursing requirement and its influencing factors for patients staying at home. Methods We utilized self-designed questionnaire to investigate general information and nursing requirement among 500 patients, who had different nursing care needs at home in Taiyuan city, and describe patients＇ need by constituent ratio, mean standard deviation and percentage. The patient＇s personal data used descriptive analysis, two sample t test, single factor variance analysis, while the influence factors of patient care needs at home applied multiple linear regression analysis. Results The total score nursing requirement of patient at home were （2.25 ± 1.63 ） , and the requirement intensity in proper sequence as： health guidance （2.82 ± 1.34）, psychological nursing （2.57 ± 1.68）, primary nursing （2.39 ± 1.16）, life care （ 1.70± 1.31 ）, specific nursing （ 1. 65 ± 1. 07 ）. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that gender was the influence factors of primary nursing needs, the influencing factors of per capita income impacted the needs of health guidance, and age was the influencing factor of psychological nursing demand. Conclusions Home care is the development direction of future nursing, which should be guided by the requirement. We should base on multi-dimension to develop suitable home care according to national situation and meet the diversified demand.