秸秆还田与施氮量对春玉米产量及土壤理化性状的影响

Effects of Straw Incorporation and Nitrogen Rate on Spring Maize Yield and Soil Physicochemical Property

2013年在辽宁省昌图县设秸秆还田和不同施氮量两个因素试验,探讨秸秆还田与施氮量对春玉米产量及土壤理化性状的影响。结果表明,秸秆还田与不同施氮量对春玉米产量影响显著,秸秆还田比秸秆不还田表现为增产,但玉米产量未随着施氮量的增加而增加;秸秆还田对土壤温度有明显影响,其中0-10 cm和11-20 cm处地温整个生育期平均温度分别增加0.5℃左右;秸秆还田能降低土壤容重,在收获期5-10 cm、25-30 cm和45-50cm处的土壤容重分别比秸秆不还田低3.76%、2.61%和1.32%;土壤平均含水量秸秆还田处理比秸秆不还田处理的土壤含水量低14.59%。综合分析认为,秸秆还田量为9 000 kg/hm2（全量还田）和配施氮（纯氮）112.5 kg/hm2是辽西北地区比较理想的秸秆还田模式。

The experiment consisted of 2 treatments was laid out in Changtu county of Liaoning province to in 2013 study the effect of straw incorporation and nitrogen rate on spring maize yield and soil physicochemieal prop- erty. The result showed that the effects of straw incorporation and different nitrogen fertilizer rate on yield of spring maize, and compared with no-straw returning, but there was no effect of high nitrogen rate on maize yield treated by straw or no-straw incorporation. Straw incorporation increased the soil temperature significantly（P〈0.05）, where the average temperature in growth period improved 0.5~C in soil depth of 0-10 cm and 11-20 cm. The soil bulk density was decreased by straw returning, where the bulk density of straw incorporation treatment was lower 3.76%, 2.61% and 1.32% than no-straw incorporation in soil depth of 5-10 cm, 25-30 cm and 45-50 em. Compare with no-straw returning, average moisture content of the soil lowered 14.59%. The comprehensive analysis results showed that the ideal model of straw incorporation in Northwest Liaoning province was that the amount of straw incorporation（total crop returning） was 9 000 kg/ha while the nitrogen application（pure nitrogen） was 112.5 kg/ha.