不同追氮方式对寒地玉米干物质、产量及品质的影响

Effects of Different Nitrogen Topdressing Methods to Dry Matter,Yield and Quality of Maize in Cold Zone

通过大田试验,分析不同追氮方式对寒地玉米干物质量、产量及品质的影响。结果表明,追氮大喇叭口期至成熟期干物质明显高于PK（不施氮肥）和CK（不施肥）处理,分别增加了33.0%-52.4%和49.5%-71.3%,且NPK＋DD2（基肥＋氮肥深追二次）处理较NPK＋SD1（基肥＋氮肥浅追一次）处理干物质量提高14.6%。追氮提高寒地玉米单穗穗行数,显著提高了行粒数和百粒重,提高寒地玉米产量,与PK处理相比产量提高54.4%-73.2%;NPK＋DD2、NPK＋DD1（基肥＋氮肥深追一次）与NPK＋SD1处理相比产量提高8.76%-12.2%,以NPK＋DD2处理产量最高,收获指数最高,达到63.06%。追氮改善寒地玉米品质,与CK和PK处理相比,蛋白质分别提高为2.05%-2.38%和2.24%-2.57%,脂肪含量分别降低了0.33%-0.58%和0.14%-0.39%,淀粉含量分别提高1.81%-2.11%和0.29%-0.59%,赖氨酸含量降低0.01%-0.02%和0.02%-0.03%。不同追氮方式有利于寒地玉米干物质积累及子粒产量和品质的提高,且氮肥深追好于氮肥浅追,以NPK＋DD2处理效果最好。

Through field experiment to analyze the effect of different nitrogen topdressing methoas on ary mat- ter, yield and quality of corn in cold zone. The results showed that nitrogen topdressing treatments dry matter from large bell mouth stage to maturity significantly higher than that of PK and CK treatments, the dry biomass increased by 33.0%-52.4.% and 49.5%-71.3%, and NPK＋DD2 compared with NPK＋SD1 dry biomass increased by 14.6%. Nitrogen topdressing treatments improve the ear rows of cold corn, significantly increased the row grains and 100- seed weight, thus improve the yield of maize in cold zone, compared with PK treatment yield increased by 54.4%- 73.2%, NPK＋DD2, NPK＋DD1 compared with the NPK＋SD1 treatment yield increased by 8.76%-12.2%, and NPK＋ DD2 treatment the yield was the highest, and NPK＋SD1 shallow after treatment difference reached significant level. The NPK＋DD2 treatment harvest index was highest to 63.06%. Improving the quality of maize in cold zone, com- pared with CK and PK treatments, protein increased by 2.05%-2.38% and 2.24%-2.57%, the fat content was re- duced by 0.33%-0.58% and 0.14%-0.39%, the starch content increased by 1.81%-2.11% and 0.29%-0.59%, ly- sine content was reduced by 0.01%-0.02% and 0.02%-0.03%. Different nitrogen topdressing methods were good for dry matter accumulation and improved yield and quality of maize in cold zone, and nitrogen fertilizer deep appli- cation better than nitrogen shallow application, the NPK＋DD2 treatment had the best effect.