深圳市孕妇孕前体质指数、孕期增重对新生儿出生体格的影响

Effects of pre-pregnancy body mass index and body weight gain during pregnancy on neonatal birth physique in Shenzhen

目的：探讨深圳市妇女孕前体质指数、孕期增重对新生儿出生体格的影响。方法：选取2013年4~7月在深圳市妇幼保健院进行常规产检的孕12周以内身体健康的孕妇作为研究对象,在孕早、中、晚期分别进行问卷调查、追踪监测其体重变化并收集孕妇分娩及婴儿出生情况等资料。结果：最终获得有效问卷421份,孕前消瘦组新生儿出生体重、身长均显著低于孕前体重正常及超重/肥胖组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,其低出生体重发生率为4.8%,高于其他两组;孕前超重/肥胖组的巨大儿发生率为6.9%,高于孕前消瘦组的2.9%。将孕期增重划分为〈10 kg、10~15 kg、15~20 kg及〉20 kg 4组进行比较,孕期增重〈10 kg组新生儿出生身长显著低于其他组（P〈0.05）,其低出生体重发生率为4.3%,高于其他各组;孕期增重〉20 kg组的巨大儿发生率为6.6%,高于孕期增重〈10 kg及10~15 kg组。多元线性回归分析结果显示,调整分娩孕周、怀孕次数及孕妇身高等因素后,孕前体质指数及孕期增重对新生儿出生体格有影响（P〈0.05）。结论：孕前体质指数、孕期增重与新生儿出生体格关系密切,育龄妇女孕前应尽量达到正常体重标准,孕期保持适宜增重,确保胎儿正常发育。

Objective： To explore the effects of pre-pregnancy body mass index （BMI） and body weight gain during pregnancy on neonatal birth physique in Shenzhen. Methods： The pregnant women receiving routine prenatal examination within 12 gestational weeks in the hospital from April to July in 2013 were selected; then questionnaire survey was conducted during the first, the second, and the third tri- mesters of pregnancy to monitor the changes of body weight and collect the data about delivery and birth. Results： Finally, 421 valid ques- tionnaires were obtained. Neonatal birth weight and height in low pre-pregnancy weight group were statistically significantly lower than those in normal pre-pregnancy weight group and pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity group （ P〈0. 01 ） , the incidence rate of low birth weight was 4. 8% , which was higher than those in the other two groups; the incidence rate of macrosomia in pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity group was 6. 9% , which was higher than that in low pre-pregnancy weight group （2. 9% ） . The pregnant women were divided into four groups ac- cording to body weight gain during pregnancy： 〈10 kg group, 10-15 kg group, 15-20 kg group, and 〉20 kg group, neonatal birth height in 〈10 kg group was statistically significantly lower than those in the other groups （P〈0.05）, the incidence rate of low birth weight was 4. 3%, which was higher than those in the other groups; the incidence rate of macrosomia in 〉20 kg group was 6. 6% , which was higher than those in 〈 10 kg group amt 10-15 kg group. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that pre-pregnancy BMI and body weight gain during pregnancy had impacts on neonatal birth physique after adjusting gestational week of delivery, number of pregnancy, and maternal height （ P〈0. 05 ） . Conclusion ： Pre-pregnancy BMI and body weight gain during pregnancy are closely correlated with neonatal birth phy- sique. The women of childbearing age should achieve normal weight standard as far as possible and maintain suitable weight gain during preg- nancy to insure normal fetal development.