武汉市城区孕中期妇女膳食营养摄入状况调查

Survey on the intake of dietary nutrition among the women during the second trimester of pregnancy in urban area of Wuhan city

目的:了解武汉市城区孕中期妇女膳食营养的摄入水平及食物种类是否合理,评估营养状况。方法:选择孕中期妇女408例作为调查对象,采用24 h膳食问卷调查法对孕妇进行膳食营养调查。结果:孕妇每日膳食中摄入的能量、蛋白质和铁偏低,但是优质蛋白来源合理;维生素A、B1、B2及钙、锌均摄入不足或严重缺乏;三餐能量分配不平衡,早餐能量摄入明显不足,而晚餐相对过剩;每日膳食中仅水果类和蛋类的摄入量较为合理,肉禽类和烹调油摄入过量,而谷类、大豆类、蔬菜类、水产品和奶类摄入均不足。不同文化程度和不同家庭收入的孕妇,能量及三大营养素的摄取量存在统计学差异(P<0.01)。结论:孕妇多种营养素摄入水平明显不足,膳食结构不合理,建议加强孕妇营养健康教育,改善不合理的饮食习惯。

Objective: To understand the intake of dietary nutrition and the reasonability of food species of the women during the second trimester of pregnancy in urban area of Wuhan city,evaluate the nutritional status. Methods: A total of 408 women during the second trimester of pregnancy were selected as respondents,24-hour dietary questionnaire was used to survey dietary nutrition of the pregnant women. Results: The daily intakes of energy,protein,and iron were inadequate among the surveyed pregnant women,but the source of good proteins was reasonable. The intakes of vitamin A,B1,B2,calcium,and zinc were inadequate or seriously deficient. The distribution of energy supplied by three meals was unbalanced. The energy supplied by breakfast was obviously insufficient and the energy supplied by dinner was relatively surplus. The daily intakes of fruits and eggs were reasonable. The intakes of meat and cooking oil were excessive. The intakes of corn,soybean,vegetables,aquatic products,and milk were insufficient. There were statistically significant differences in intakes of energy and three major nutrients among the pregnant women with different educational levels and family income levels( P < 0. 01). Conclusion: The intakes of multiple nutrients are obviously insufficient,the dietary structure is not appropriate,it is suggested to strengthen nutritional health education among pregnant women and improve unreasonable dietary habits.