试论二战后科技政策的范式转变

The Statement of Science and Technology Paradigm Shift after World War Ⅱ

政策范式往往决定了政策制定者和执行者对政策问题的界定、政策目标的设计、政策工具的选择和政策资源的利用。一定的科技政策范式既可以体现在一定时期内一个国家整体科技政策内涵上,也可以体现在某个具体政策上。科技政策范式一旦形成,就具有相对稳定性,对科技活动起指导作用。如果科技政策范式不能提供解决科技活动所出现的新问题,科技政策作用就会变弱,从而出现科技政策范式的转变。二战后,科技政策经历了"为国防而科学"、"为工业而科学"和"为民生而科学"三大范式转变。

Policy paradigm often decides the policy makers and practitioners how to design the definition of policy issues,policy objectives,the choice of policy tools and policy resources utilization.Certaln science and technology policy paradigm is suitable for a country during a certain period which about the connotation of the science and technology policy,or a particular policy.Science and technology policy paradigm can be relative stability which will guide the activities of science and technology only when it formes. If science and technology policy paradigm can＇t provide to solve new problems in science and technology activities,this can make science and technology become weak which will finally make the shift of science and technology policy paradigm.After Word War Ⅱ ,science and technology has shifted three big paradigm：for national defense and science;for the industry and science; for people＇s livelihood.