近代以来认识论的研究趋势

The Research Trend of Epistemology in Modern Times

近代以来人类知识发展中的科学和哲学的割裂和分离仅只是一种表面的现象,它并不曾消除科学和哲学在实质上的相容性和内在统一性。对科学的拒斥并不是作为西方哲学从本体论转向认识论的起始点的笛卡尔学说的性质,而坚持科学和哲学的统一则正是笛卡尔研究学问的基本方法。一个同样明显的事实是,近代以来人类实验科学的发展也深刻促进了哲学认识论学说的发展。医学、解剖学、生理学、神经生理学、脑科学、实验心理学、当代认知科学的发展导致了近现代不同时期的一些哲学家们利用不同时期的相关科学研究成果对人的认识发生的过程和机制进行具体探讨,从而建立了形形色色的别具特色的哲学认识论学说。

Abstract： Since modern times in the development of human knowledge, fragmentation and separation between science and philosophy is only a surface phenomenon, it dose not eliminate the compatibility and internal unity of science and philosophy in essentially. As the starting point of western philosophy from ontology to epistemology, rejection of science is not the nature of Descartes theory, but adhering to the unity of science and philoso- phy is the Cartesian study basic method of learning. An equally the significant fact is that, human trials of the development of science since modern times, also promoted the development of the theory of philosophical epistemology, Medicine, anatomy, physiology, neurophysiology, brain science, experimental psychology, the development of modern cognitive science have led to some philosophers in modern different periods using the relevant scientific research results in different period, discussing the human cognitive process and mechanism, so as to set up a variety of distinctive theory about philosophy epistemology. Key words： philosophy; science; development; unity