补骨脂及其与甘草配伍单次给药大鼠的毒代动力学及肝肾毒性初探

Toxicokinetics of bakuchiol,hepatic and renal toxicity in rats after single oral administration of Psoraleae Fructus and combination with Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma

研究补骨脂及补骨脂-甘草配伍水煎剂中对补骨脂酚在大鼠体内的毒代动力学,探讨单次经口给予高剂量补骨脂及其与甘草配伍水煎剂的肝、肾毒性,为临床安全用药提供新的科学依据。SD大鼠随机分为溶剂对照组、甘草组(20 g·kg-1)、肾毒性阳性对照组、补骨脂水煎液(40 g·kg-1)组(雄性、雌性)、补骨脂-甘草配伍合煎液(40+20 g·kg-1)组(雄性、雌性),每组5只,单次灌胃给药。含补骨脂各组于给药后不同时间点静脉取血,HPLC测定血浆中补骨脂酚含量,DAS2.0软件拟合毒代动力学参数。测定各组大鼠给药24 h后血中肝功能生化指标丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)以及肾功能生化指标尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Cr)、β-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)和人肾损伤分子1(Kim-1)水平,统计分析各组间差异。结果显示雌、雄大鼠单次灌胃补骨脂单煎液,血浆中补骨脂酚的毒代动力学参数明显不同,且补骨脂与甘草配伍后,补骨脂酚药时曲线下面积(AUC)、最大血药浓度(Cmax)均升高,其中雌性大鼠AUC显著升高;血浆清除率(CL)降低;半衰期(t1/2)缩短,达峰时间(Tmax)延长;雄性大鼠表观分布容积(V)显著降低。各组ALT,AST与溶剂对照组比较无明显差异。补骨脂组及其与甘草配伍组NAG均显著升高(P<0.05)。研究表明补骨脂酚在雌、雄大鼠体内的代谢存在性别差异。补骨脂与甘草配伍,甘草增加了大鼠对补骨脂酚的吸收和暴露量,延长了补骨脂酚在大鼠体内的作用时间,使补骨脂酚消除减慢。提示甘草影响补骨脂酚在大鼠体内的代谢。单次大剂量经口给予补骨脂,可引起大鼠肾损伤,未见明显肝毒性。但长期服用补骨脂或与甘草配伍产生的影响还有待进一步实验研究。

To study the toxicokinetics of bakuchiol, hepatic and renal toxicity in rats after single oral administration of Psoraleae Fructus and combined with Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, in order to provide scientific evidences for clinical safe medication use. A total of 35 SD rats were randomly divided into seven groups： vehicle（distilled water） control group, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma group, positive control （aristolochic acid A） group, Psoraleae Fructus （40 g·kg^-1） group（both male and female rats）, Psoraleae Fructus and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma （40＋20） g·kg^-1）group（both male and female rats）. HPLC-UV method was used to determine the concentration of bakuchiol in rat plasma at different time points after single oral administration. Plasma alanine transaminase （ALT）, aspartate aminotransferase （AST）, blood urea nitrogen （BUN）, plasma creatinine （Cr）, N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase （NAG） and kidney injury molecule 1（Kim-1） were measured after administration for 24 h. The main toxicokinetics parameters of bakuchiol in rats exert significantly gender difference. When Psoraleae Fructus combination with Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, the total area under the plasma concentration-time curve（AUC）, Cmax, and plasma clearance （CL） of bakuchiol were increased, respectively; CL, half-life （t1/2 ） were decreased, and Tmax were prolonged. The biochemical indicators （including ALT, AST, BUN, Cr and KIM-1 level） in different dose of Psoraleae Fructus groups, were found no statistically significant difference when compared with vehicle control group. The level of NAG in both Psoraleae Fructus and compatibility with Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma groups were significant increased （P〈0.05）. There are obvious effects on toxicokinetics of bakuchiol in rats when Psoraleae Fructus combined with Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. Renal toxicity induced by Psoraleae Fructus at high dose was observed after single oral administration and no liver damage in rats was found.