阿訇参照效应的文化差异:基于提取诱发遗忘范式的探讨

The Cultural Differences of Imam-reference Processing: Based on the Retrieval-induce Forgetting Paradigm Discussed

自我参照会影响提取诱发遗忘。不同文化背景下这种规律是否具有普遍性,特别是现实宗教文化中的重要他人能否到自我结构之中,则很少有研究涉及。当前研究采用了提取诱发遗忘的标准范式,以回汉大学生为被试,通过实验考察了提取诱发遗忘现象在不同参照条件下的加工规律。结果发现,回族被试在自我参照和阿訇参照条件下没有出现提取诱发遗忘,而在一般他人参照条件下出现了提取诱发遗忘现象;汉族被试在自我参照条件下没有出现提取诱发遗忘,而在阿訇参照和一般他人参照条件下则出现了提取诱发遗忘现象;这表明在不同文化背景下,自我参照效应是一种普遍的规律;宗教文化中的重要他人可以被宗教信仰者整合到自我当中,并且在提取诱发遗忘加工过程中产生了阿訇参照效应。

Self-referential encoding affects retrieval-induced forgetting （RIF）. However, little research has been conducted to explore whether it can be generalized to different culture and religion contexts, especially whether significant others in real world are involved in self-concept in religion. The present research used retrieval-induced forgetting paradigm to investigate the regional cognition in the references （self, imam, others） by ethnicity （Han vs. Hui）. Participants included 99 Hui college students （53 males and 46 females; ranging from 17 to 31 years old; average age = 20.08） from Muslim communities and 90 Han college students （including 31males, 59 females; ranging from 18 to 26 years old; average age = 21.63）. Before the experiment began, the Muslim participants were asked to indicate their religion beliefs. And only those who have religion belief took part in. For the Han participants, only those who did not believe in any religion were included in the experiments. Hui subjects were divided into different conditions by self, imam and others. Han subjects were also divided into the three conditions. The results showed that RIF was observed neither under the self-referential encoding nor under the imam-referential encoding in hui culture contexts. While for Han participants, RIF was observed in the imam-referential and the other-referential but not in the self-referential. These suggest that self-referential effect has a cross-cultural generalizability. The imam as an important others to Muslim can be integrated in Hui’s self-concept and therefore lead to imam-referential effect in retrieval-induced forgetting.