0～3岁婴幼儿贫血与喂养的相关性研究

Study on correlation between anemia and feeding among 0-3 year children

目的了解深圳特区0~3岁婴幼儿贫血状况及其与喂养方式的关系。方法对1216名接受儿童健康检查的0~3岁婴幼儿采集静脉血,采用Sysmex KX-21型全自动血球仪测定血红蛋白含量,并进行问卷调查。采用SAS 9.1.3软件进行统计分析。结果 0~3岁婴幼儿贫血患病率为25.49%;高峰在6~12月龄组;各年龄组别差异有统计学意义（χ2=56.6629,P〈0.0001）。早产儿组贫血患病率明显高于足月儿组,差异有统计学意义（χ2=4.883,P=0.027）。完全母乳喂养组贫血患病率（16.25%）显著低于部分母乳喂养组（34.04%）及人工喂养组（35.57%）,差异具有统计学意义（χ2=52.9175,P〈0.01）。完全母乳喂养持续6个月的婴幼儿贫血患病率为10.06%,低于其他喂养时间组。在4~5月龄添加谷类、蛋类辅食、4~6月龄添加动物内脏类辅食、7~8月龄添加肉类、蔬菜类辅食的婴幼儿贫血患病率低于其他时间段,组间差异均有统计学意义。结论 0~3岁婴幼儿营养性贫血问题非常严峻,婴幼儿贫血与喂养方式和辅食添加关系密切。

Objective To explore the status of anemia and correlation between anemia and feeding among 0-3 year children in Shenzhen. Methods 1216 0-3 year children accepted health examining were investigated. To measured the content of hemoglobin of intravenous blood by Sysmex KX-21 automatic blood analyzer. SAS 9. 1. 3 software was applied for statistical analysis. Results The prevalence rate of anemia among 0-3 year children was 25. 49%. The peak of anemia prevalence was groups of 6-12 months.Prevalence of anemia varied along with age differences（ χ2= 56. 6629,P 〈 0. 0001）. Prevalence of anemia of the group of premature infants was higher than that of term infant（ χ2= 4. 883,P = 0. 027）. Prevalence of anemia of the full breastfeeding group was lower than that of partial breastfeeding and artificial feeding significantly（ χ2= 52. 9175,P 〈 0. 01）. Prevalence of anemia of the children for full breastfeeding for 6 months was lowest. Prevalence of anemia of the children was lower than that of others,which were fed supplementarily cereal food and eggs at 4-5 months old,animal offal food at 4-6 months old,and meat and vegetables at 7-8 months old. Conclusion The problem about nutritional anemia among 0- was very severe. The feeding and supplemental feeding are related factors of anemia among 0-3 year children.