克拉玛依市2007-2011年5岁以下儿童死亡率和死亡原因分析

Analysis of children under 5 years old mortality and cause of death in Karamay from 2007 to 2011

目的了解克拉玛依市5岁以下儿童死亡情况,分析死亡年龄构成及主要死因顺位,为制定干预措施提供科学依据。方法对克拉玛依市2007-2011年全人群死因回顾性调查中,分析5岁以下儿童死亡情况。结果 2007-2011年共发生5岁以下儿童死亡110例,死亡率为10.59‰,其中婴儿死亡96例、死亡率为9.24‰,新生儿死亡60例、死亡率为5.78‰,早期新生儿死亡48例、死亡率为4.62‰;2007-2011年5岁以下儿童死亡率、婴儿的死亡率及新生儿死亡总体无明显下降趋势,5岁以下儿童死因前5位为:早产或低出生体重、其他先天异常、先天性心脏病和意外死亡(并列第三)、出生窒息、肺炎;5岁以下儿童死亡中以婴儿为主,占87.3%,新生儿死亡占婴儿死亡的62.5%,早期新生儿死亡占新生儿的80%。结论早产或低出生体重、先天性异常、出生窒息和意外死亡严重威胁克拉玛依市5岁以下儿童的健康,应加强围产期保健,提高产前检查质量及产科质量,积极开展产前筛查及产前诊断,强化新生儿窒息复苏培训等防控措施,普及儿童安全宣教,从而有效降低婴儿及5岁以下儿童死亡率。

Objective To understand under 5 mortality status of karamay,analyzed death age composition and sequence of the main causes of death,to provide scientific basis for intervention measures. Methods Make an analysis on under 5 mortality stauts with the data from the whole crowd retrospective survey from 2007- 2011 in Karamay. Results From 2007 to 2011 a total of 110 cases of children under the age of five died,the mortality rate was 10. 59 ‰,among which 96 cases infants died,mortality rate was 9.24 ‰,60 cases of neonatal death,the mortality rate was 5. 78 ‰,48 cases of early neonatal death,mortality rate was 4. 62 per thousand. From 2007 to 2011,none of under 5,infant or neonatal mortality rate declined obviously in general; the top five causes of under 5 death were： preterm labor or low birth weight,congenital anomaly,congenital heart disease and other accidental death（ tied for third）,birth asphyxia,pneumonia; Under 5 mortality was maily infant death（ 87. 3%）,neonatal death accounted for 62. 5% of infant death,early neonatal death accounted for 80% of the newborn. Conclusion Preterm labor or low birth weight,congenital anomaly,birth asphyxia and accidental death threatened the health of under 5 children seriously so that perinatal care should be strengthened,qualities of antenatal examination and obstetrics,services should be improved. We should carry out prenatal screening and prenatal diagnosis,and adopt prevention and control measures such as strengthening neonatal asphyxia resuscitation training actively,popularization of child safety education,so as to effectively reduce infant and under-five mortality.