古埃及国王的献祭仪式及其社会功能

The Offering Ritual of the King in Ancient Egypt and Its Social Functions

古埃及国王的献祭仪式是集合性仪式,由庆祝战争胜利的仪式、日常祭神仪式、日常祭祖仪式和国王神化仪式构成。每个仪式都有复杂的仪式程序,经历了漫长的演变过程。它们并不是单纯的宗教仪式,而是以国王为首的统治阶级为了统治需要而设计和实施的仪式。在这些仪式的实施过程中,国王及其家族的神圣属性被宣传到全国各地,国王在军事和宗教方面的统治权力得到确保,甚至社会凝聚力也得到提高。这样,古埃及三千多年的王权统治的实施和延续在某种程度上得益于这些仪式的不断展演。

The Offering Ritual of the King was a set of very important phenomena in ancient Egypt,which comprised of the celebration ritual of victory,daily offering rituals to gods and royal ancestors,and even the deification ritual of the king.As a perfect complex of religious and secular aspects,this kind of rituals played very great roles in the practice and survival of kingship during the history of ancient Egypt.Those rituals,along with sculptures and inscriptions on the walls of temples,broadcasted the idea that the king,the royal family,and even their ruling were divine throughout the country,especially propagandized and emphasized the king's military and religious power,and finally enhanced the national identity and solidarity among different social levels.