胚胎的法律属性

On the Legal Nature of Embryo

随着科学技术的发展,人工生殖技术的成熟运用,进行胚胎移植手术,使得更多的不孕不育家庭解决了自己不能生育的难题。然而,由于法律未对胚胎的属性做出明确规定,对因此而产生的纠纷,法院无法进行裁判,因而有必要在理论上探讨胚胎的属性,立法上对其性质加以明确,应对司法实践中新出现的问题。通过分析我国关于胚胎属性的三种学说:主体说、客体说、折中说对胚胎的定性,以胚胎为折中说的基础上,提出了胚胎的处置规则,我国可借鉴美国的胚胎收养制度。

With the development of science and technology, the mature use of artificial reproductive technologies, embryo transplantation surgeries allow more childless families to solve the problem due to the infertility. However, the law has not made clear and definite provisions on embryonic properties. The disputes aroused by the embryo transplantation surgeries could not get the court judgment. Therefore , it’s necessary to explore the embryonic properties in theory and clarify the embryonic properties in term of legislation to deal with some new problems in the judicial practice. This paper made an analysis of 3 kinds of theories about embryonic property in China： subject, object and compromise. Based on the theory of compromise, it put forward some principles and suggested that America embryo adoption system could be taken for a reference.