基于语料库对日语中“上”的语义考察

A Corpus-based Study of the Usages of 「上」 and Its Semantic Characteristics in Japanese

日语中"上"的发音多样,因其语意丰富、词性活泼。通过朝日新闻语料库的例句抽查分析日语中"上"的基本语意和派生语意,同时对比"上"作为名词、动词、复合动词、接尾词的使用频率情况,可以得知,从意义上看主要集中在空间、时间、方面、向高处移动、提高上升、完了极致等。名词和动词的语义特征明显,均有基本义和派生义,基本意义明确直接,派生意义抽象含蓄。

There are eight pronunciations of “上”in Japanese, and they are： “uwa, ue, joh, e, kami, kari, kan and e”. Besides, there are also some verbs related to 上such as “agaru, ageru and noboru”. The following usages greatly enrich the relevant semantic usages of 上： the independent usage as “ue, uwa, kami”, the usages in the formation of two-character Chinese “~上”“上~”and over-two-character Chinese with “joh”, and the usage as suffix in the formation of borrowed words. Through the illustration of related examples, the author classified and analyzed the semantic characteristics of “上”, from which the author concluded that the basic meanings and the derived meanings of “上”in the formation of nouns, two-character words, verbs, auxiliary verbs and suffixes, i.e., the meanings expressing space, time, aspects, moving towards higher altitude, rising and completeness.