永嘉乱后关中郡姓的地域选择与家族发展

On the Regional Selection and Family Development of “Guanzhong County Power Clans” after “Yongjia Riot”

永嘉乱后关中郡姓较为集中、较成声势或影响重大的迁移有四次。一是永嘉祸起之时,他们的家族主体留居北方,个别房支四散避居江左、河西、辽东、河北等地;二为胡亡氐乱,晋宋易代之际,关中郡姓以襄阳、寿阳等南北边境之地为方向纷纷南迁;三是刘宋、萧齐政局动乱、宗室斗争时期,失势的南方房支投奔北朝,多以北朝都城为寓居地;四即梁朝灭亡、江陵陷落直至南朝结束,寓居江左的关中郡姓家族房支作为败俘先后入关。较早渡江的房支在东晋一朝并未获取更高的家族地位。晚渡房支则是南朝守边保境、遏胡平蛮、争夺权位的重要力量,甚至发展为高门望族,但他们对皇权依赖性较强,或遭嫌嫉,或罹兵祸。北归的房支中央化更强,献地归诚者获取厚遇,战败被俘者也因才被用。南北合流,共同铸就了隋唐时期的辉煌。

After Yongjia chaos, the centralized, large-scale or enormously influential immigration of Guanzhong County Power Clans has four phases. First, at the beginning of Yongjia Riot, some families separately moved to Hexi, Liaodong, Hebei and southward Jiangzuo, while others still lived in the native place. Second, in the“Hu Col？lapse and Di Riot”and the late Western Jin Dynasty, some families moved to Xiangyang and Shouyang. Third, dur？ing the riot of the Song Dynasty and the Qi Dynasty, some of the families lost power moved back to the Northern Dynasties and lived near the capital. Fourth, from the Liang Dynasty perish and the fall of Jiangling to the end of the Southern Dynasties, other families moved to the north. The families who had moved early did not get the higher fame and dominance in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The families who had moved later played an important role in guarding the frontier, counterinsurgency and the royal struggle for the power. Some of them even became prominent families. However, they relied so heavily on the imperial power, resulting in suspicion and military disaster. The families who had moved back to the north were centralized heavily. Some of them contributed the land so as to get generous treatment, while those who had been defeated and captured were only employed due to their talents. As a result, all of the families in the south and north improved the political status and social position of every power clan from Guanzhong in the Sui and Tang Dynasties.