塔西南玉北地区鹰山组缝洞型储层裂缝检测技术及应用

Technique and application of fracture detection in fracture-cavity reservoirs in Yingshan Formation,Yubei area,southwestern Tarim

对塔西南玉北地区奥陶系鹰山组储层的地质特征分析研究表明,裂缝是鹰山组缝洞储层发育的主要控制因素,地震裂缝检测技术对玉北地区碳酸盐岩储层预测具有重要意义。采用多种裂缝检测技术组合方法,其中:(1)倾角方位角属性能识别规模较大的断裂系统;(2)体曲率技术能识别地层因构造弯曲变形破裂而产生的裂缝;(3)精细相干技术能高精度地识别地层岩性的不连续性及发育的小型河道;(4)将频谱分解技术引入到蚂蚁裂缝追踪技术中,能有效检测因地层挤压而产生的构造剪破裂缝、扩张裂缝。4种方法的综合裂缝检测结果显示,研究区除了断裂带附近裂缝发育,远离断裂的断洼区微裂缝也广泛发育。这与研究区长期遭受构造挤压运动的演化背景以及钻井、岩心等揭示的裂缝发育特征相符,同时也证明这种检测裂缝发育带的技术组合方法是有效的。

The geological characteristics of the reservoirs in the Ordovician Yingshan Formation in the Yubei area of the southwestern Tarim Basin showed that fractures controlled the development of karst reservoirs. Seismic fracture detection technology was significant for carbonate reservoir prediction. The combination of four kinds of crack detection technology was adopted in this paper. （ 1 ） Dip azimuth attribute was used to recognize large-scale fractures and faults. （2） Curvature technique was adopted to identify cracks resulted from the structural bending deformation of formations. （3） Fine coherence technology was used to accurately identify stratigraphic discontinuity and small-scale rivers. （4） Spectrum decomposition technique was effectively introduced into the tracking technology to predict tectonic shear and expansion cracks resulting from structural deformation extrusion. The results showed that, in addition to the area near the fault zone, micro-cracks were also widely developed in the zone which was away from the fault zone. This is consistent with the long term tectonic compression background and the fracture development features revealed by wells and cores, and shows that the technological combination method was effective to detect the fracture development zone.