‘绿岭’核桃枝条贮藏营养与晚霜冻害发生程度及树体恢复关系的研究

The relationships between nourishment storage in‘Lüling'walnut shoots with degree of late frost injury and recovery of the trees

为揭示核桃枝条内贮藏营养物质含量与晚霜冻害发生程度及发生冻害后树体恢复的关系,以11年生‘绿岭’核桃不同类型枝条为试材,研究了萌芽前、晚霜冻害发生后各类枝条内贮藏营养物质含量、晚霜冻害发生程度及发生冻害后树体恢复状况。结果表明：随着枝条长度的缩短,萌芽前和晚霜冻害发生后的‘绿岭’核桃不同类型枝条木质部和韧皮部内的含水量、可溶性糖、淀粉、可溶性蛋白质、全氮、全磷和全钾含量均逐渐升高。‘绿岭’核桃1年生长度≥100cm、30-60cm、5-15cm和≤5cm的枝条萌发的新梢受冻指数分别为80.26%,78.35%,64.96%,54.95%。萌芽前枝条木质部内可溶性糖、淀粉、可溶性蛋白质、全氮、全磷和全钾含量均与受冻指数存在极显著负相关,相关系数分别为-0.895,-0.724,-0.897,-0.979,-0.957,-0.876;韧皮部淀粉、全氮、全磷和全钾含量与受冻指数存在极显著负相关,相关系数分别为-0.779,-0.945,-0.923,-0.972;韧皮部可溶性糖含量与受冻指数存在显著负相关,相关系数为-0.664。单芽营养物质总量均为长枝高于短枝,晚霜冻害发生后的单芽营养物质总量与副芽萌发后新梢长度呈正相关;木质部淀粉和全磷总量均与新梢长度存在极显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.992,0.992;木质部可溶性糖、全氮和全钾总量与新梢长度存在显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.958,0.958,0.967。

In order to reveal the relationships between the nourishment storage in the walnut shoots with the degrees of frost injury and the recovery of the trees after the occurrence of the frost injury ,the shoots with different lengthes of 11yearold‘Luling’ walnut trees were used as materials to study the nourishments storage in the various shoots before germination ,after late frost injury ,and the recovered trees after the frost injury .The results showed that the contents of the moisture ,soluble sugar ,starch ,soluble protein ,total nitrogen ,total phosphorus and total potassium in the stem xylem and phloem of the shoots with different lengthes before germination and after frost injury increased gradually with the shortening of shoot length .The freezing indexes of germinated shoots in different length groups of over 100 cm , 30-60 cm ,5-15 cm and less than 5 cm were 80 .26% ,78 .35% ,64 .96% ,54 .95% respectively .There existed very significant negative correlations among the contents of the soluble sugar ,starch ,soluble protein ,total nitrogen ,total phosphorus and total potassium in the stem xylem before germination with the freezing indexes , the correlation coefficients were-0 .895 ,-0 .724 , -0 .897 , -0 .979 , -0 .957 , -0 .876 respectively . T here also existed very significant negative correlations among the contents of the starch ,total nitrogen ,total phosphorus and total potassium in the stem phloem with the freezing indexes ,and their correlation coefficients were -0 .779 ,-0 .945 ,-0 .923 ,-0 .972 respectively .The content of the soluble sugar was found negatively correlated with freezing indexes ,and the correlation coefficient was -0 .664 .The total storaged nourishments in single bud of long shoots were higher than that of short ones .There existed positive correlations among the total storaged nourishments in single bud after frost and the shoot length after accessory bud sprouting .There existed very significant positive correlations among the total contents of starch and total potassium in stem xylem and the shoot length ,their correlation coefficients were 0 .992 ,0 .992 respectively .There also existed significant positive correlations among the total contents of soluble sugar ,total nitrogen and total potassium in the stem xylem with the shoot length ,and their correlation coefficients were 0 .958 ,0 .958 ,0 .967 respectively .