华北土石山区森林枯落物与土壤水文效应研究

Research on the hydrological effects of litters and soil in rocky mountain area of North China

以河北省易县崇陵小流域3种不同林分的枯落物层和土壤层为研究对象,对其水文效应进行初步研究。结果表明：3种林分枯落物蓄积量差异较大,侧柏枯落物蓄积量最大,高达57.9t/hm2,油松枯落物蓄积量次之,为29.8t/hm2,刺槐枯落物蓄积量最小,是28.7t/hm2;3种林分枯落物中,侧柏林的枯落物持水能力最强,为114.5t/hm2,油松林的枯落物持最小,仅为60.1t/hm2;3种林分下土壤的平均容重和总孔隙度差别不大,容重的变化范围在1.46~1.66g/cm3;总孔隙度均偏低,具体表现为：侧柏（30.86%）〉油松（29.31%）〉刺槐（27.1%）;3种林分林下土壤持水能力有所差异,表现为：侧柏〉油松〉刺槐。土壤持水能力与各林分林下土壤的孔隙度大小呈正相关,即土壤孔隙度越大,土壤的持水能力越强;3种林分的土壤稳渗速率相差较大,表现为：刺槐（10.50mm/min）〉油松（2.80mm/min）〉侧柏（0.80mm/min）。

A preliminary study on hydrological effects of forest litters layer and soil layer about three typical stands was carried out in the small watershed of Chongling ,Hebei Province .The results showed that there were significant differences for the litter amount among the three kinds of stands .The litter amount of Platycladus orientalis was the biggest ,being up to 57 . 9 t/hm2 ;the litter amount of the Chinese pine was the second ,being up to 29 .8 t/hm2 ;and the litter amount of Robinia pseudoacacia was the smallest ,which was only 28 .7 t/hm2 .Among the litters of the three kinds of stands ,the water holding capacity of Platycladus orientalis was the best with 114 .5 t/hm ,while the Chinese pine was the poorest with only 60 .1 t/hm .There were few differences among the three kinds of stands for the soil average capacity and soil total porosity ,and the soil capacity was 1 .46-1 .66 g/cm^3 ,and the soil total porosity＆amp;nbsp;was lower ,They were ranked as ：Platycladus orientalis forest（30 .86）〉 Pinus tabulae formis forest（29 .31）〉 Robinia paeudoacacia forest（27 .1） .There were some differences among the three kinds of stands for the soil waterholding capacity .They were ranked as ：Platycladus orientalis forest〉 Pinus tabulae formis forest〉 Robinia paeudoacacia forest .There was a positive correlation between the soil waterholding capacity and the size of the soil porosity in the three kinds of stands ,i .e .the greater the soil porosity ,the stronger the soil waterholding capacity .There were significant differences among the three kinds of stands for the soil infiltration rates .They were ranked as ：Robinia pseudoacacia（10 .5 mm/min）〉 Pinus tabulae f ormis（2 .80 mm/min）〉 Platycladus orientalis（0 .08 mm/min） .