桑树中可改善胰岛素抵抗的活性成分及其作用机制研究进展

Advancement in Active Ingredients of Mulberry in Ameliorating Insulin Resistance and Functional Mechanisms

胰岛素抵抗(insulin resistance,IR)是Ⅱ型糖尿病的重要发病机制之一,且贯穿于Ⅱ型糖尿病的发生与病情发展全过程。利用天然、安全的植物提取物增强机体对胰岛素的敏感性已成为Ⅱ型糖尿病预防和治疗的一个重要策略。已有的研究表明,桑树来源的多羟基生物碱类化合物、黄酮类化合物、多糖类化合物等成分具有降血糖活性,这些活性物质可以调控过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体-γ(PPARγ)、葡萄糖转运体4(GLUT4)、腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)等的表达及多种信号通路,改善脂肪、肝脏、骨骼肌组织的胰岛素抵抗及抑制胰岛细胞的凋亡等。今后应加强对桑树中可改善胰岛素抵抗的特征性活性组分或单体的分离鉴定,以及从脂质代谢调节的角度研究改善胰岛素抵抗的作用机制。

Insulin resistance is one of the important pathogenesis of type II diabetes, and goes along with the formation and development of type II diabetes. Using natural and safe plant extracts to improve insulin resistance has become crucial strategies in prevention and treatment of type II diabetes. Earlier studies have shown that polyhydroxy alkaloid compounds, flavonoids, polysaccharide compounds and other ingredients from mulberry have hypoglycemic activity, which can improve insulin resistance in fat body, liver and skeletal muscle, and inhibit apoptosis of pancreatic cells by regula- ting the expression of eroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ（ PPARγ）, glucose transporter 4 （GLUT4） and adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase （AMPK） and various signal pathways. In the future, it is proposed to strengthen researches on isolation and identification of characteristic active ingredients and monomers of mulberry in ameliorating insulin resistance, and on the functional mechanisms of improving insulin resistance from the perspective of regulating lipid metabolism.