辽东山地老秃顶子冰缘地貌植物群落类型及基本特征

Plant community types and basic characteristics in the periglacial areas of the Mt. Laotudingzi,eastern Liaoning mountainous regions

基于48个样地的群落调查数据,运用TWINSPAN分类方法,对辽东山地老秃顶子冰缘地貌植物群落类型进行了划分,并对群落结构、种类组成和生活型谱进行了系统研究.结果表明:老秃顶子冰缘地貌植被可划分为16个森林群系、6个灌丛群系,归并为落叶阔叶林、针阔混交林、暗针叶林、矮曲林、灌丛、灌草丛6个植被型.其中,石海地貌主要发育灌丛和灌草丛,也有针阔混交林和矮曲林分布;石河地貌主要发育针阔混交林和落叶阔叶林,也有暗针叶林分布;石流坡地貌主要发育针阔混交林、落叶阔叶林和灌丛,也有矮曲林分布.老秃顶子冰缘地貌植被由68科138属193种维管束植物组成;石海与石河间植物群落物种组成属中等不相似,而石河与石流坡间属中等相似.老秃顶子冰缘地貌植物群落中高位芽植物占38.0%,隐芽植物占36.3%,地面芽植物占21.8%,地上芽植物和一年生植物均很少,反映出辽东山地冰缘地貌区具有夏季温暖多雨、冬季寒冷漫长的气候特点.相对而言,石海、石流坡地貌中隐芽植物较多,石河地貌中高位芽植物较多,表明石海、石流坡地貌具有更为冷湿的小气候环境.

To understand the plant community characteristics in the periglacial areas of the Mt. Laotudingzi,eastern Liaoning mountainous regions,based on the community survey in 48 sampling areas（ including 39 arbor quadrats,192 bush quadrats and 240 herbal quadrats）,using the TWINSPAN classification method,plant communities in the areas are divided into rock block field,rock glacier side and rock stream and the community structures,species constitution and life form spectra are studied systematically. The results show ： 1） Plants in the areas can be divided into 16 forest formations,6 bushy formations,merging as broadleaved deciduous forest,theropencedrymion,dark coniferous forest,elfin forest,bushw ood,meadow thicket. Among them,rock block field is mainly conducive to develop bushw ood and meadow thicket,with scattering theropencedrymion and elfin forest; rock stream is mainly conducive to develop theropencedrymion and broadleaved deciduous forest,with scattering dark coniferous forest; rock glacier side is mainly conducive to develop theropencedrymion,broadleaved deciduous forest and bushw ood grow,with scattering elfin forest. 2） There are vascular plant species of 68 families,138 genuses and 193 seeds in the areas,including pteridophytes of 8 families,10 genuses and 14 seeds,gymnosperm of 1 families,3 genuses and 4 seeds,dicotyledon of 53 families,106 genuses and150 seeds,monocotyledons of 6 families,19 genuses and 25 seeds. The similarity index of the species composition of plant communities betw een rock block field and rock stream is 0. 29-0. 45,belonging to middle dissimilarity,while that betw een rock block field and the slope in rock stream is 0. 51-0. 56,belonging to middle similarity. How ever,except the similarity index of the species composition of the community shrub layer being 0. 59,belonging to the middle similarity,the similarity index of the tree layer,herb layer and the species composition of all the community is betw een 0. 41 and 0. 49,belonging to middle dissimilarity. 3） The plant communities in the areas are Phanerophyte,accounting for 38. 0%,Cryptophyte,accounting for 36. 3%,and Hemicryptophyte,accounting for 21. 8%. There are few Chamaephyte and Therophyte. All of these reflect that the climatic features in the areas is that the climate is warm and rainy in summer,but is cold in the long winter.Comparatively,the Cryptophytes in rock-block field and rock slope are more,accounting for 37. 4% and39. 5%,respectively. The Phanerophyte in stone river areas is a little more,accounting for 46. 2%. These show that the microclimate in rock-block field and rock slope is more cold and wet.