成人依恋对病理性网络使用的影响:社交自我效能感和孤独感的中介作用

Adult Attachment and Pathological Internet Use: The Mediating Roles of Social Self-efficacy and Loneliness

为探讨成人依恋影响病理性网络使用(PIU)的内在机制,采用自陈式问卷调查了483名大学生,通过结构方程模型和bootstrap法考察了社交自我效能感和孤独感在成人依恋与PIU关系中的中介作用。结果表明:(1)孤独感在依恋焦虑和依恋回避对PIU的影响中起中介作用;(2)社交自我效能感和孤独感在依恋回避对PIU的影响中起链式中介作用。研究结论:成人依恋通过社交自我效能感和孤独感的中介作用影响PIU,且依恋焦虑和依恋回避两个维度的中介机制有差异。

According to the literatures on pathological internet use （PIU）, a number of researchers have provided empirical evidence to support the idea that the quality of interpersonal relationships may contribute to PIU. But until now, little is known about the mechanisms underlying attachment orientations in PIU. Davis （2001） presented a cognitive-behavioral model of PIU, and thought that the maladaptive cognitions of the self and the world play critical roles in PIU. Based on the cognitive-behavioral model of PIU, this study presents a unique perspective on the underlying mechanisms of attachment orientations inn PIU by focusing on the possible mediating roles of social self-efficacy and loneliness. Using the cluster random sampling method, a total of 483 undergraduates （250 men, 233 women） were recruited from three universities in Guangdong province, aged from 17 to 25 years （M = 19.82, SD = .97）. Participants completed paper-and-pencil version of the questionnaires of adult attachment （attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance）, social self-efficacy, loneliness and PIU. Participants were informed about the voluntary nature of the study, and obtained gifts in exchange for participating. In this study, the hypothetical model was estimated using the maximum likelihood method （ML） and the bootstrap method in the Mplus program （version 7.0）. In addition, as recommended by Matsunaga （2008）, the item parceling strategies （factorial algorithm and internal-consistency approach） were adopted in the current study to solve the problem that a single latent variable contains too many observation indexes. Because independent samples t tests of gender differences revealed that significant differences between women and men on study variables emerged, the variable gender was controlled in the subsequent mediation modeling analyses. Analyses of the mediation model showed a good fit to the data （x2 = 424.61, df= 158, x2 / df= 2.69, p 〈 .001, RMSEA = .06, CFI = .96, TLI = .95. SRMR = .05）, and revealed that： （1） The relationship between attachment anxiety and PIU was mediated by loneliness （effect size = 25.92%）; （2） Regarding the attachment avoidance dimension, the mediating role of loneliness and the serial mediating role of social self-efficacy via loneliness were found in this linkage, and the significant mediating roles were composed of： （a） the mediating roles of loneliness for PIU （effect size = 40.59%） and （b） the serial mediating roles of social self-efficacy via loneliness for PILl （effect size = 59.40%）. As recommended by Fang, Wen, Zhang, ＆ Sun （2014）, the current study added some auxiliary （phantom） variables into the mediation model to examine the difference of mediation effects in two attachment dimensions. Results revealed that the underlying mechanisms of attachment orientations in PIU were different. These results partially supported our theoretical hypotheses that social self-efficacy and loneliness mediated the relationship between attachment orientations and PIU. To our knowledge, this is the first study of its kind, and it expands upon the growing body of research related to the relationship between attachment orientations and PIU by understanding the mechanisms leading to attachment anxious and avoidant individuals＇ lower social self- efficacy and higher loneliness. These findings have theoretical and applicative values for the prevention and clinical treatment of PILl.