文化视域下认知心理学范式演进探新

Exploration on Cultural Perspective of Cognitive Psychology Paradigm Evolution

认知科学的发展历程经历了符号范式、联结主范式和具身认知范式的演变。认知心理学范式演变折射出认知心理学研究方式转变和对人的心智探索的深化,同时也反映出关于身心关系实现了从传统的身心二元对立到当下身心一体论的超越;对其文化反思是引领心理学从离身认知到具身认知进程更趋合理化的基础。

Over the past 40 years and under the influence of Thomas Kuhn＇s paradigm theory, the development of cognitive science has undergone three major research paradigms, the symbolic paradigm, the connectionist paradigm, and the embodied cognition paradigm. Among them, the symbolic paradigm and the connection paradigm are known as the first generation of science. In short, the human＇s information processing is cognitively disembodied. The embodied cognition paradigm emerged in the last century in the late 1980s, and it advocated that the human mind had embodied cognitive. The rise of embodied cognition has changed the traditional disembodied cognitive function or characterization of calculating the limitations of being unable to fully describe the human cognition, and fundamentally answered the question of human cognition and interpretation from the relationship between the physical and mental interaction. Looking back at the evolutionary path that the cognitive development and cognitive research paradigm have traveled from the embodied cognition to the disembodied cognition, from Kuhn＇s perspective, it is easy to see that, in its nearly half a century of exploration process, Descartes ＇dualism＇ shadow and the spirit of the natural sciences are always respected by its unaltered tone and that humanities and cultural consciousness are declining. From disembodied cognitive to embodied cognitive, the cognitive psychology of human information processing of fine-experimental study summarizes the basic characteristics of many psychological processes, and provides the psychological processes of understanding the scientific basis of individual differences. The paradigm shift inherently contains profound changes of research ideas, research methods and research techniques. Deep reflection of each paradigm shift can not only inspire paradigm review, enhance their understanding and application but also make cognitive psychology progress from the first generation to the second generation, leading to more rationalization, contextulization and culturalization, which enables one to obtain more solid and comprehensive understanding. This paradigm shift for cognitive science in terms of the physical and mental binary relations makes amendments possible, and makes possible a systematic, dynamic and comprehensive exploration of machine production and of the cognitive brain, body, and environments to shape the psychological trinity. In addition, the paradigm shift also implies a change in such a psychological perspective. This change in perspective is actually implicit in cognitive science and enables researchers to overcome the limitations in the cultural context： emphasizing situational, embodied, power and other characteristics, starting to emphasize the cognition in real life examined in the nature of cognition as a living body environment acting in real time. We can expect that, with the development of cognitive neuroscience and cultural neuroscience, culture has a variety of different levels as a constituent power system, which is likely to be achieved from psychological research process theories, techniques and methods. These can provide researchers with a scientific basis and forward-looking support and may usher in a new era of development for psychology.