浙南沿海地区鼠疫宿主动物与媒介监测结果分析

Study on the plague host animal and flea populations in coastal area in southern Zhejiang province,China

目的分析浙南沿海地区鼠疫宿主动物、媒介昆虫和鼠疫耶尔森菌携带情况监测结果,为制定该地区鼠疫防控策略提供科学依据。方法在浙南沿海地区6个鼠疫历史疫区设监测点,参照《全国鼠疫监测方案》,分别开展宿主动物、媒介昆虫、血清学和病原学监测。结果 2010-2012年6个鼠疫监测点捕获宿主动物3目4科10属13种共12 233只,其中啮齿目2科7属10种,食虫目1科1属1种,食肉目1科2属2种。主要宿主动物为臭鼩鼯、褐家鼠和黄胸鼠,分别占41.03%、35.02%和13.30%。室内鼠密度为8.96%,室外为7.31%;平均染蚤率为4.63%,总蚤指数为0.134;鼠体蚤以缓慢细蚤为主,占73.55%。宿主动物血清学和病原学分别检测11 714份和10799份,均未检出阳性标本。结论在浙南沿海地区未发现鼠疫活动迹象,但是鼠疫宿主动物和媒介分布广泛,种群较多,应加强鼠疫宿主和媒介监测以及病原学检测,积极防范鼠疫输入性病例引起本地暴发流行。

Objective To understand the plague hosts and flea populations and plague pathogen Yersinia pestis, and to provide baseline information for the prevention and control of plague in coastal area in southern Zhejiang. Methods There were 6 plague monitor sites in coastal area in Wenzhou to understand the population structure of host animals and flea vectors from 2010 to 2012. Results There were 3 orders, 4 families, 10 genus and 13 species plague host animals found in this area. Among the host animals, Suncus murinus accounted for 41.03%, Rattus norvegicus for 35.02%, and R. tanezumi for 13.30%. The mean host animal densities were 8.96% indoor and 7.31% outdoor. There were significant differences for host animal densities at six monitoring sites and among different years. The mean flea- carrying rate of rodents was 4.63%, and the total flea index of rodents was 0.134. The dominant species of rat fleas was Leptopsylla segnis, accounted for 73.55%. The samples for host animals were negative for FI antibody and pathogens. Conclusion The population densities and species composition of host animals and vectors were very rich, it is important to strengthen surveillance of the host animals and vectors of plague, to enhance prophylaxis and treatment of plague and to prevent the local plague outbreak caused by imported cases.