浙江省永康市1950-2013年疟疾监测与防制成效分析

Monitoring and control of malaria during 1950 to 2013 in Yongkang city,Zhejiang province,China

目的了解永康市1950-2013年疟疾流行概况,总结疟疾防治经验,评价疟防成果,分析消除可能性。方法回顾永康市64年来疟疾防治历程,阐述不同年代和不同发病时期所采取的防制措施、成效及经验教训。结果永康市20世纪80年代前间日疟高度流行,最高年发病率达74.09/万,1987年后发病率基本控制在1/万以下,1989年达到基本消灭后进入监测阶段,疟疾疫情稳步下降,疟疾输入性病例逐年增多,但未发生输入性继发病例,2009年后疟疾发病率基本控制在0.1/万以下。其防制过程可分为重点调查及防治试点研究、控制流行、降低发病率、巩固防治成果4个阶段,每个阶段均采用相应的防治措施。结论 64年来的防治经验为消除疟疾奠定了良好基础,但仍须大力加强对流动人口的健康教育,努力提高医务人员疟疾发现能力,坚持多部门协作,及时发现患者并有效处置,从而达到消除的目标。

Objective To summarize the epidemic status of malaria and the experience of malaria control in Yongkang city, Zhejiang province, during 1950 and 2013, to evaluate the effect of malaria prevention and control, and to discuss the feasibility of malaria eradication. Methods On a review of malaria control process, this paper summarized the measures applied for the control of malaria epidemic. Results The vivax malaria was highly epidemic before 1980s. The highest annual morbidity was 74.09 per million. The morbidity since 1987 was under 1 per million. In 1987 we reached the standard that malaria were basically eradicated and came into the monitoring phase. The malaria morbidity fell year by year, and the imported cases was on rise, but secondary cases were not ~ound. The malaria morbidity was under 0.1 per million in 2009. The controlling process can be divided into 4 stages including focus on the investigation and study on the pilot prevention, disease control, reduction of the morbidity, and consolidation, with appropriate control measures for each stage. Conclusion Prevention and treatment experience of 64 years has laid the foundation for the eradication of malaria in Yongkang city, Zhejiang province. Our goal of malaria eradication in 2015 is achievable if the following efforts are in place： health education for the migrating human population, efforts to improve the malaria detection, collaboration among more entities, timely management of human cases.