新疆野苹果自然群体叶形遗传多样性分析

Genetic Diversity of Malus sieversii Natural Population from Xinjiang Analyzed by Leaf Traits

以伊犁地区10个新疆野苹果天然群体为研究对象,对其天然群体叶形遗传多样性进行了分析。结果表明:新疆野苹果群体叶形性状在群体间和群体内都存在丰富的变异。新疆野苹果叶片长/叶宽(L1/A1)的变异系数为11.99%,在所有的性状中最稳定。所有性状平均变异系数最大的为XY1群体(17.18%),最小的为XY2群体(14.09%)。群体内个体间的广义重复力平均值为0.8877;群体间广义重复力平均值为0.7536,叶片长/叶柄长(L1/L2)、叶柄长(L2)的群体间广义重复力较小,分别为0.3022和0.5800,说明这2个性状在群体间的表现不稳定,易受环境的影响。10个群体根据叶形指标聚类分为4类,聚类结果和地域相吻合,说明叶形受环境影响较大。主成分分析表明,贡献率较高的前3个性状分别为叶尖角α、叶基角γ、叶长L1,说明这几个性状参数在新疆野苹果的表型分类中起到重要作用,可以作为野苹果表型分析的重要指标。

10 Malus sieversii natural population from Xinjiang,Yili were aimed as research object, the genetic diversity of leaf traits were analyzed. The results showed that,there were abundant variations of M. sieversii leaf traits among/within populations. The CV of M. sieversii leaf length/leaf width （L1/A1） was 11.99% ,which was the most stable of all the traits. The maximum CV population was the XY1 population （17.18 %）, while the minimum CV one was XY2 population （14. 09%）. The average value of the broad heritability was 0. 8877 within population individuals but the average value of the broad heritability was 0. 7536 among populations, 0. 3022 for the leaf length/petiole length （L1 / L4 ） and 0. 5800 for the petiole length （L2） which were smaller between the populations. It showed that these two traits among populations performance were unstable and vulnerable to the environment. 10 groups were divided into 4 types according to the clustering of leaf shape index that conformity with the terrain. All showed that leaf shape were greatly influenced by the environment. Principal component analysis showed that the former three of the biggest contribution rate were tip angle （a） ,leaf base angle（γ）,leaf length（L1 ）,which showed these parameters play an important role in Xinjiang wild apple phenotype classification and he the important indicator in phenotypie analysis of Malus sieversii.