不同施肥模式对“赤霞珠”葡萄品质及土壤氮素的影响

Effect of Different Fertilization Modes on Quality of‘Cabernet Sauvignon'and Soil Nitrogen

以“赤霞珠”葡萄为试材，采用小区试验，在河北省秦皇岛市昌黎县酿酒葡萄主产区，设置农民传统、当地推荐、高产高效和再高产高效4个不同施肥模式处理进行连续3年试验，研究各处理模式对“赤霞珠”葡萄品质及土壤氮素的影响。结果表明：2010-2012年连续3年高产高效处理的“赤霞珠”产量达到33285kg／h群，高于农民传统32680kg／hm2，增产1．85％；2010—2012年不同处理下“赤霞珠”的品质在千粒重、pH值、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、维生素C含量无显著性差异，其中高产高效处理千粒重为1351．71g最高，高于农民传统1208．70g，增重11．83％；2010-2012年平均氮肥偏生产力高产高效处理为36．90kg／kg，显著高于农民传统的22．28kg／kg2010-2012年4个处理在硝态氮分布趋势上表现一致，其中高产高效处理0～100cm硝态氮残留量为516．42kg／hm2，显著低于农民传统727．98kg／hm2；2010-2012年在节本增效方面，其它3个处理与农民传统相比节本增效依次为1789、4696、5506元／hm2。该试验研究推荐的高产高效处理模式为最佳养分管理模式，其施肥量对指导当地的酿酒葡萄生产有一定的现实意义，保证产量的同时增加了收益，降低了施肥带来的环境污染风险。

Taking ＇Cabernet Sauvignon＇ grape as test material,set the farmer tradition,local recommendation, high yield and high efficiency and high yield high efficiency treatments and continuous 3 years, the effect of different fertilization modes on quality and soil nitrogen of ＇Cabernet Sauvignon＇ were studied. The results showed that,the yield of ＇Cabernet Sauvignon＇ in 2010-2012 consecutive years of high yield and high efficiency under the treatments of 3 years was up to 33 285 kg/hm2, higher than the farmer tradition 32 680 kg/hm2, increased by 1.85%; the quality of ＇Cabernet Sauvignon＇ in 2010-2012 years under different treatments in thousand-grain weight,soluble solids content,pH value, titratable acid content,vitamin C content had no significant difference,the average of three years of high yield and high efficiency of thousand-grain weight the highest 1 351.71 g was higher than that of farmer traditional 1 208. 70 g,weight increase of 11.83% ;four processing 2010-2012 years 22.28 kg/kg three years average nitrogen partial productivity of high yield and high efficiency of 36.90 kg/kg was significantly higher than that of the farmer traditional;2010-2012 four treatments consistent performance in nitrate nitrogen distribution trend,of which three years average high yield and high efficiency processing 0-100 crn residual nitrate N in the lowest 516. 42 kg/hm2 farmers,significantly lower than that of traditional 727. 98 kg/hm2 ;2010-2012 years at an average of three years of saving cost and increasing efficiency, compared with the farmer traditional, three other processing efficiency of the section to 1 789 yuan/hm2, 4 696 yuan/hm2, 5 506 yuan/hm2. The experimental study on high yield and high efficiency processing mode recommended as the best nutrient management pattern, the amount of fertilizer had a certain practical significance for guiding the local grape varieties of ＇ Cabemet Sauvignon＇, guarantee the production and increasing the profit, reduce fertilizer brought environmental pollution risk.