城镇化进程中的迁徙自由权限制:立论依据与合宪基准

On the Constitutional Standards of Restricting the Migrationin Freedom in the Course of Urbanization

迁徙自由作为一项基本人权,已经受到立宪国家的普遍关照,但"迁徙入宪"并不代表迁徙自由不受任何限制,只不过这种限制应建立在宪法和法律的框架之内。从立论依据看,限制迁徙自由可从人性、法治和公益三个维度去阐释;从合宪基准看,限制迁徙自由应当同时具备形式上的特别法律保留原则和实质上的比例原则。此双重标准的建构,有利于廓清和辨别违宪限制迁徙自由的制度和行为,有利于厘清和回应"迁徙保障抑或限制"的现实呼声,有利于保障和促进迁徙自由权的最终实现。

As a basic human right, freedom of migration gets widespread attention from constitu- tional states ,but the ＂migration into constitution＂ doesn＇t means that the freedom of migration is not subject to any restrictions, the restriction should establish in the constitution and law. Seeing from the theoretical basis, the restriction of migration can explain with human nature, the rule of law, and public welfare. Seeing from the constitutional standard, the restriction of migration must follow principle of special legal reservation formally and principle of proportionality substantially. The construction of the double standards help to identify the unconstitutional restriction of migration, reply to reality calls such as ＂migration security or restriction＂ and ultimately promote the freedom of migra- tion into practice.