不同军兵种优秀官兵认知能力、个性与心理特征

Cognitive Ability,Personality and Psychological Characteristics of Different Branches of Superior Officers

目的：探讨不同军兵种优秀官兵的认知能力、个性特征与心理状况,了解其各自的特点。方法：采用李德明编制《基本认知能力测验》2.0版、艾森克个性问卷（EPQ）和症状自评量表（SCL-90）,选取陆（装甲兵）、海（潜艇兵）、空（飞行员）3兵种具有代表性的优秀岗位人员进行调查,并将结果进行比较。结果：3组官兵认知能力特征方面得分存在显著性差异（F=3.24~4.58,P〈0.05）。3组官兵EPQ调查显示,E分方面飞行员、装甲兵和潜艇兵依次降低（F=8.54,P〈0.05）,N、P分方面装甲兵、潜艇兵和飞行员依次增高（F=4.67,5.35;P〈0.05或0.01）;SCL-90总分及各因子分之间存在明显差异,潜艇兵SCL-90总分、躯体化及人际关系敏感高于其他两个兵种,强迫和恐怖两因子得分飞行员明显高于其它两兵种,而焦虑、抑郁因子装甲兵得分最高（F=3.26~4.87,P〈0.05）。结论：不同兵种优秀官兵之间认知能力、EPQ和SCL-90存在显著性差异,不同岗位有其各自特点,总体来说,飞行员要优于其它两兵种,可能同飞行员的心理选拔起步早,检测和心理训练系统更加完善有关。

Objective： To investigate cognitive abilities,personality traits and mental condition of different branches of superior military officers,and understand their own characteristics. Methods： Three units outstanding representative staff positions in army（ armored）,navy（ submarine soldiers）,air force（ pilot）,were investigated by deming preparation of basic cognitive ability test version 2. 0,Eysenck Personality Questionnaire（ EPQ） and Symptom Checklist 90（ SCL- 90）. Results： Cognitive characteristic scores of three groups of servicemen showed significant differences（ F = 3. 24 ~ 4. 58,P〈0. 05）. EPQ of three groups of soldiers showed that factor E decreased with pilots,soldiers- armor and submarines（ F =8. 54,P〈0. 05）. Factor N and factor P that sub- areas armored submarine soldiers and pilots were increased（ F = 4. 67,5. 35; P〈0. 05 or 0. 01）. SCL- 90 total score and factor scores were significantly different. The SCL- 90 score,somatization and interpersonal sensitivity submarine soldiers were higher than the other two arms. The scores of coercion and terror that the military pilot was the highest,while anxiety,depression factor that armored army was the highest（ F = 3. 26 ~ 4. 87,P〈0. 05）. Conclusion： There is a significant difference of excellent soldiers with different arms in different positions in cognitive,EPQ and SCL- 90 which have their own characteristics. In general,the military pilots is superior to the other two branches of soldiers,perhaps the reason is that the pilot＇s psychological selection starts earlier and psychological training system is more comprehensive.