大学生人格特征及社会适应与睡眠障碍的关系

Personality Characteristics,Social Adaptation and Sleep Disorder among College Students

目的:探讨大学生人格特征及社会适应与睡眠障碍的关系,为睡眠的心理健康教育和心理干预提供参考。方法:采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)、艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)、社会适应性自评问卷对4548名大学生进行问卷调查。结果:19.8%的大学生存在睡眠障碍;睡眠障碍组EPQ的P分、N分显著高于睡眠正常组(t=-8.234,-21.274;P>0.001),E分、L分和社会适应性显著低于睡眠正常组(t=9.077,7.855,9.379;P<0.001);PSQI总分、EPQ各维度及社会适应性之间均呈显著相关(P<0.001)。结论:为数不少的大学生存在睡眠障碍,睡眠障碍的大学生具有情绪不稳、偏内向、有一定精神质倾向且社会成熟度偏低等人格特征存在一定的社会适应问题。睡眠障碍、人格特征与社会适应相互影响,相互作用。建议学校心理健康教育和心理干预要注重从调整和塑造个性行为、提高社会适应能力等方面,改善大学生的睡眠障碍问题。

Objective：To explore the relationship between personality characteristics, social adaptation and sleep disorder among college students, to provide references for mental health education and psycho- logical intervention. Methods：The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index（ PSQI）, Eysenek Personality Question- aire（ EPQ ）, Self - reported Questionnaire of Social Adaptability were administered to 4548 college students. Results：The prevalence of sleep disorder was 19.8% ;The sleep disorder group had higher scores in EPQ - P and EPQ - N （ t = -8. 234, P = 0. 000 ; t = -21. 274, P = 0. 000 ） , and lower scores in EPQ - E, EPQ - L, social adaptation （ t = 9. 077, P = 0. 000 ; t = 7. 855, P = 0. 000 ; t = 9. 379, P = 0.000 ） than the normal group. There were significant correlations between the total score of PSQI, dimensions of EPQ and social adaptation （P 〈 0. 001 ）. Conclusion： Many college students have sleep disorder. The students with sleep disorder shows personalities of higher EPQ - N, EPQ - P and lower EPQ - E, social maturity and have some social adaptation issues. Sleep disorder, personality characteristics and social adaptation interact with each other. We should pay attention to adjust and shape personality and behavior, enhance social adaptation in mental health education and psychological interventions to improve college students＇ sleep problems.