全国农村改厕产业市场化现状调查

Investigation on marketization of rural latrines improvement related industry in China

目的了解目前我国改厕产业总体运行状况和市场化发展程度,掌握改厕产品市场供需现状,评估我国农村改厕产业的状况,为政府制定推进农村改厕工作的相关政策、措施提供依据。方法采用自行设计的调查问卷,在全国范围内组织开展农村改厕企业运行、改厕产品的生产、营销状况调研,了解产业存在的问题和企业自身发展需求,收集相关数据资料。结果农村改厕企业规模以中、小型企业为主;62.5%(10/16)的企业是兼营改厕产品企业,改厕产品以双瓮化粪池或三格化粪池为主;92.3%(12/13)的企业销售模式是政府、工程订购;企业研发能力薄弱,研发经费紧张,技术能力欠缺是主要原因。结论农村改厕产业的市场化尚处于初始阶段,政府行为依然是影响改厕产业发展的主要因素;改厕企业在开拓、维护产品市场方面的能力不足;改厕产业的市场化需要政府在政策、技术、资金等方面的支持;我国农村改厕的巨大市场需求为改厕产业的发展提供了前所未有的机遇。

Objective To understand the overall situation of marketization of rural latrines improvement related industry in China and to provide the basis for making policies and measures of promoting rural latrines improvement. Methods The conditions of operation,the production and marketing of rural latrines improvement related enterprises were surveyed by a selfdesigned questionnaire in a nationwide, to understand the problems of the industry, the demand for enterprise development.Results The scale of most investigated enterprises was small and medium enterprise and 62.5%（10/16） of the main products were not lavatories products. The main type of lavatory products were double urns septic tank and three-pool septic tank. The sales model of 92.3%（12/13） enterprises was to rely on the government ordering. Financial constraints and lack of technical ability were the main reasons of which the research and development capabilities of their products were weak. Conclusion The marketization of rural lavatories improvement related industry is still in the initial stage in China and act of government is the main influencing factor.