水环境中有机紫外防晒剂的生态风险评价

Ecological risk assessment of organic UV filters in aquatic environment

目的评价水环境中有机紫外防晒剂残留的生态风险。方法查阅2001—2014年文献获取有机紫外防晒剂的环境浓度及其对水生生物的毒性数据,采用评价因子法推导预测无效应浓度(PNEC)值,随后利用风险商(RQ)法评价各有机紫外防晒剂的生态风险。结果二苯酮-3(BP-3)对藻类的最大RQ>10,对鱼类也存在高风险(最大RQ>1);对甲氧基肉桂酸异辛酯(EHMC)对藻类、大型蚤、虾类和鱼类的最大RQ均大于1;3-(4-甲基苯亚甲基)-樟脑(4-MBC)对藻类和虾类表现出高风险;而辛基二甲基对氨基苯甲酸(OD-PABA)仅对藻类存在高风险;二苯酮-4(BP-4)的生态风险较低(RQ<0.1)。结论有机紫外防晒剂BP-3、EHMC、4-MBC和OD-PABA在实测环境浓度水平对水生生态系统存在潜在风险。

Objective To assess the ecological risk of organic UV filters in aquatic environment. Methods The concentrations of UV filters in aquatic environment and their toxicity data were acquired from the research papers during 2001-2014. The predicted no effect concentrations（PNEC） were calculated with the assessment factor method. Subsequently,the ecological risk assessment of the organic UV filters was conducted with the risk quotient（RQ）. Results The maximum RQ of benzophenone-3（BP-3） was over 10 for algae,and it also exhibited high risk for fish（the maximum RQ〉1）. The maximum RQ values of 2-ethylhexyl-4-methoxycinnamate（EHMC） for algae,daphnia,shrimp and fish were all over 1. 4-Methybenzylidene camphor（4-MBC） revealed high risk for algae and shrimp,and octyl-dimethyl-p-aminobenzoic acid（OD-PABA） only for algae. The ecological risk of benzophenone-4（BP-4） was lower（RQ〈0.1）. Conclusion Organic UV filters BP-3,EHMC,4-MBC and OD-PABA may present a potential ecological risk for aquatic ecosystems with the environmental levels reported in the studies.