国际新创企业创业知识溢出及知识整合机制研究——基于天士力国际公司海外员工成长及企业国际化案例

A Study, on the Spillover of the Knowledge of Starting a Business of the International Newly Starting Business, and on the Mechanism of the Knowledge Integration

国际新创企业的国际化发展是一个知识不断获取和积累的过程,外派员工知识的溢出和转移对国际企业知识存量的增加具有重要作用。本文以国际新创企业的知识整合为主线,从创业者的视角,探讨基于创业知识溢出的国际新创企业知识整合机制的理论框架。研究发现:第一,国际新创企业的国际化发展阶段与国际化知识存量共同演化。在海外市场拓展的过程中,外派人员扮演着创业者的角色,其创业知识的高知识位势是促使知识溢出的重要前提。第二,从组织和创业者两个层面来探讨了国际化知识整合的机制。在创业者层面,在无经验知识阶段是通过跨文化创业进行知识转移,短期经验知识阶段通过创业模仿和跨文化创业进行知识转移,而在国际化知识阶段则是通过自主创业和跨文化创业进行知识转移;在组织层面,针对创业者在不同阶段的行为和知识的变化,企业的角色从支持者慢慢向协调者和治理者演化。

The internationalized development of international new firms(INF) is a process of the constant obtainment and ac-cumulation of knowledge, and the spillover of and the shift of the knowledge of the employees who are sent to foreigncountries to work have important role in the increase in the amount of the international firms' knowledge. In this pa-per, taking as the main line the knowledge integration of INF, and from the perspective of the pioneer, we have probedinto the theoretic framework of the mechanism of the knowledge integration, based on the knowledge spillover, of theINF. By the results of our study, we have discovered that the stage of the internationalized development of the INF andthe storage amount have evolution-ized together, and in the process of the expansion in the overseas market, the peo-ple who have been sent to foreign countries to work have played the role of the entrepreneur, whose high knowledge po-tential of entrepreneurial knowledge is an important prerequisite to promote knowledge spillovers; we have, from the as-pect of the organization and that of the pioneer, explored the mechanism of the internationalized knowledge integration.On the entrepreneur level, and in the stage of having no experience knowledge, the knowledge transfer is made throughcross-cultural entrepreneurship, and at stage of having a short period of experience knowledge, the knowledge transferhas been made through the entrepreneurship imitation and starting a business of being the cross-culture, but at thestage of the internationalized knowledge, the knowledge transfer has been made through starting a business by himselfor herself. In the respect of organization, according to the behavior of the pioneer at different stage and the change inknowledge, the role of the firm will be slowly revolutionized from the supporter to the coordinator and the controller.