微观权力:后现代语境中权力的生物学解读

Micro-power:The Biological Interpretation of Power in the Postmodern Context

权力是现代人文社会科学领域中的核心概念之一。现代主义哲学赋予权力以工具性、经济性和技术性色彩,使之成为具有统治性和专有性的稀缺资源。后现代主义的领军人物福柯则发展出一种具有生物学特征的微观权力,这种权力形态具有关系性、流动性、分散性及生产性特征,它与具体的、体验性的"地方性知识"相关并以"规训"的形式来运行。微观权力能够通过"规训"机制生产出自愿服从的温顺身体,以对个体进行更为精巧而委婉的统治;同时也可以通过伦理发展出一种自我技术,增加个体在组织中的自主和自控能力。通过对现代权力观的解构,福柯试图将权力纳入"自由-自治"这一后现代主题之中。组织秩序事实上由两种权力共同塑造,权力的不同观察视角及运用机制往往带来不同的组织结果。

Power is one of the core concepts in the research field of modern humanities and social sciences. In the modernism philosophy,with instrumental, economic and technical characteristics, power is dominant and exclusive in the scarce resources. Michel Foucault, who is one the leaders of postmodernism philosophy, developed a kind of micro-power with biological characteristics, which closely linked local knowledge, has the characteristics of liquidity and dispersion, and which operation mechanism is called “discipline” by Michel Foucault. Under this mechanism, micro-power can produce obedient and docile body, which is a more exquisite and hidden control to the individual. At the same time, it also developed a self technology through the ethics, which increases the independent ability of individual in the organization. Through deconstructing the modernism power, Foucault tried to take the power into postmodern theme of free and autonomy.