身体锻炼对中老年认知功能的积极效应:基于老化态度、一般自我效能中介模型检验

Positive Effects of Physical Exercise on Cognitive Function of the Elder: Based on the Checking of Psychological Intermediary Model of Attitude toward Aging and General Self-Efficacy

利用锻炼参与问卷、老化态度问卷、一般自我效能问卷和基本认知能力测验2.0版对190名中老年锻炼者锻炼行为及心理特征进行测量,以验证老化态度、一般自我效能在中老年身体锻炼-认知功能间的中介作用。结构公式模型与多因素方差分析表明：1）身体锻炼对中老年认知功能的影响存在直接和间接效应,且间接效应大于直接效应;2）身体锻炼-认知功能中介模型拟合度较好,老化态度与一般自我效能作为中介变量较好地传递了身体锻炼对中老年认知功能的间接影响;3）每次锻炼1-2 h与2 h以上对老化态度、一般自我效能促进效果好于其他水平,锻炼6年以上对老化态度、一般自我效能促进效果好于锻炼3年以内。以上结果验证了一般自我效能和老化态度的中介作用,明确了身体锻炼对中老年认知功能的积极效应,为促进中老年身心健康提供理论及实践参考。

In this study, the authors discussed whether attitude toward aging and general self-efficacy has an intermediary effect between physical activity （P. E. ） and cognitive function （C. F）of the elderly by Physical Exercise Scale ／ General Self Efficacy Scale Attitude towards Aging Scale and Basic Cognitive Capacity Test 2.0 among 190 elderly people. SEM and Multi-way ANOVA show that： 1 ） There were direct and indirect effects between P. E. and C. F. and the indirect effect is greater than the direct effect ;2） with the goodness of fit on mediation model of P. E-C. F good, attitude toward aging and general self-efficacy perfectly pass indirect effect between P. E and C. F. ;3 ）1 -2h and over 2h.of each exercise have bet- ter effect on attitude toward aging and general self-efficacy than the others and over 6 years of P. E. has better effect on at- titude toward aging and general self-efficacy than less than three years of P. E. These results test the indirect effect of aging attitude and general self-efficacy, verifying the positive effect of physical exercise on cognitive function in elderly people and providing theoretical and practical references for the health of elderly people.