敬让:葛洪的治世理路——兼论葛洪之于儒学的意义

Jingrang: Ge Hong's Governing Idea——Significance of Ge Hong's Theory in Confucianism

魏晋之思想,是人(个体)的觉醒,与礼法(群体)离异。情与礼矛盾之失衡,是葛洪治世思路的着力点。其思考的问题是,在认同个体价值的前提下,个体如何在群体生活?如何避免与社会规范、秩序的冲突和矛盾?于时礼废之俗,继续强化"称情而直往",无异于饮鸩止渴。因而葛洪提出,缘礼以制情,以"敬让"作为礼法之原则,并由此形成合理的束缚和制约关系。这既是群体外化之规则、规范,同时也是立足于个体内在自立的精神力量的。这股以葛洪为代表的复归思潮之努力,显示了儒学于社会巩固、人心陶冶的现实作用。

The Wei-Jin thought is the awakening of human being, which is detached from conservative etiquette group. The imbalanced contradiction between affection and etiquette is a focus of Ge Hong＇s governing idea. In the premise of individual value, the question is how an individual lives in groups？ How can one avoid the conflicts and contradictions between the individual and social norms？ In those times of decaying etiquettes in vulgar customs, continuing to strengthen the ＂say love and go straight＂ is tantamount to quenching a thirst with poison. So Ge Hong put forward that using the etiquette to restrict affection, in which ＂Jingrang＂ （respect and tolerance）as the principle of etiquette, then forming the reasonable restraint and restrictive relationship. This is rules out of groups, and is also based on the individual internal self-reliance spirit. This effort, with Ge Hong as the representative, was a trend of returning thoughts to Confucianism which shows the realistic function of Confucianism in social stability and moral influence on people.