国家级经济技术开发区绿色发展绩效评估

Evaluation of Green Development Performance in the National Economic and Technological Development Zones

从1984年到2014年,国家级经济技术开发区(以下简称"国家级经开区")建设发展历经30年,已成为我国经济发展的重要力量。但作为工业生产活动最为集中的区域之一,国家级经开区不可避免地成为我国环境保护和节能减排的重点区域。本文对近几年国家级经开区经济发展,土地资源、水资源和能源的利用情况,以及污染排放情况进行分析,结果表明:国家级经开区经济保持高速持续增长,且年均增速大幅高于全国年均增速水平。此外,国家级经开区土地占地,水资源和综合能源消耗总量分别占全国的0.15%,1.9%和2.2%,COD和SO2排放量占全国排放总量的0.8%和0.6%,但同时创造了占全国8.7%的地区生产总值和占全国15.6%的工业增加值。国家级经开区以较小的土地占地,较少的水资源、能源消耗量,较低的污染排放量,对我国的经济发展贡献了巨大的经济效益。资源、能源消耗和污染排放强度均大幅领先于全国水平。2007-2011年,国家级经开区水资源和能源消耗总量小幅增长,但其消耗强度明显下降,年均降幅分别为15.3%和14.9%;单位土地面积经济产出年均增长8.6%;污染物COD和SO2排放量年均降幅分别为6.9%和8.8%,其排放强度年均降幅分别为28.0%和23.2%,且各项年均降幅都显著高于全国年均削减幅度。因此,国家级经开区在经济发展,资源、能源优化利用和污染减排方面走在全国前列,其绿色发展成效显著。在我国工业园区绿色、低碳和循环发展实践中,国家级经开区发挥着重要的引领和示范带动作用。

From 1984 to 2014, the National Economic and Technical Development Zones （NETDZs） have developed for 30 years and have become an important strength for China＇ s economic growth. However, as the concentrated areas of industrial production, the NETDZs inevitably became the key practice areas of environmental protection, energy conservation and emission reduction. According to the data analysis of economy growth, resource consumption and pollution emission, it was found that the economy of the NETDZs grew rapidly and became an important support to promote and push China＇ s economy. What＇ s more, in the NETDZs, the total area of land use, the consumption of fresh water and energy accounted for 0. 15%, 1.9% and 2.2% of the country＇ s total consumption respectively. In the same time 8.7% of GDP and 15.6% of Industrial Added Value of the country were created by the NETDZs. So the rapid economic growth of the NETDZs had made a greater contribution to our country＇ s economy with fewer burdens on resource and environment. And the intensities of the NETDZs were significantly superior to the country＇ s level. In addition, the 54 NETDZs were applied to evaluate the annual change of green development performance from 2007 to 2011. During this period, water consumption and comprehensive energy consumption increased slightly, but their intensities decreased in annual by 15.3% and 14.9% respectively. Average annual growth rate of economic output per unit of land area was 8.6%. Meanwhile, COD emissions and its intensity decreased in annual by 6.9% and 28.0%. SO2 emissions and its intensity decreased in annual by 8.8% and 23.2%. All the average annual decrease rates of 54 NETDZs were higher than the national decrease rates. So the NETDZs achieved significant performance of green development, and would play a prominent role in leading our country＇ s green, low-carbon and circular development.