山东省工业能源效率及其影响因素研究

Energy Efficiency of Industrial Sector's in Shandong Province and Its Influencing Factors

通过产业结构调整、产业升级提高能源效率,实现节能减排对区域经济意义重大。本文以山东省工业全要素能源效率为研究对象,首先从理论上构造了能源效率随机前沿理论模型,并利用2006-2013年山东省37个工业行业面板数据和贝叶斯估计方法对理论模型参数进行估计,随后测算出各行业全要素能源效率值并进行聚类分析,最后构造Tobit模型对工业部门能源效率的影响因素进行实证研究。研究表明:1能源和资本投入对产出的结果显著为正,而劳动力数量对产出的影响为负,说明工业行业存在劳动冗余;2应进一步开发具有较高能源效率的化工、机械、装备制造业、食品加工业等主导产业,特别是应围绕海洋产业,以海洋化工、海洋生物医药等为重点实现传统产业升级;3企业规模、对外开放程度、外商投资水平、技术创新与能源效率显著正相关,而国有及国有控股企业占比与能源效率显著负相关,因此,山东省工业能源效率的提高需要进一步推进"国退民进"改革,扩大对外开放程度,充分发挥技术创新的作用。

Improving energy efficiency and realizing energy saving through adjusting industrial structure and industrial upgrading is significant to regional economy. This paper took the total factor energy efficiency of industrial sector in Shandong Province as the study object. Firstly, SFA theoretical model on energy efficiency was structured, and the related parameters were estimated by using panel data of 37 industrial sectors in Shandong Province from 2006 to 2013 and Bayesian Estimation Method. Then the results of energy efficiency of all industrial sectors were calculated and clustered. Finally Tobit Model was applied to empirically study the influencing factors on energy efficiency of industrial sector. The study drew conclusions as follow： （~）The input of capital and energy is positively correlative to output, while the input of labor quantity is negatively correlative to output, which indicates that labor redundancy exists in industrial sectors; ~）Chemical industry, machinery industry, equipment manufacturing industry and food processing industry which have high energy efficiency industry should he further developed, especially marine industry, chemical industry and marine biological medicine industry should be focused on to realize traditional industry upgrading; （~）Enterprise scale, the degree of openness the level of foreign investment, and technology innovation and energy efficiency are positively relative to energy efficiency, while the increasing proportion of state-owned economy have a negative impact on energy efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to further improve industrial energy efficiency in Shandong Province so as to decrease the proportion of stated-owned economy, encourage private capital entrance, extend opening-up, and speed up the technology innovation.