东北地区资源型城市基本公共服务效率研究

Efficiency of Basic Public Service for Resource-Based Cities in Northeast China

基本公共服务是新型城镇化进程中保障民生民权和实现公平正义的基本社会条件,而效率提升是短期内真正改善基本公共服务的关键逻辑节点。本文利用数据包络分析模型和障碍度模型,测度2012年东北地区21个资源型城市基本公共服务效率及其障碍因子。结果显示:1不同资源型城市基本公共服务水平空间差异显著,盘锦市和双鸭山市分别为最大与最小得分地域,各项基本公共服务在水平上呈现科技教育服务>环境保护服务>基础设施服务>社会保障服务>医疗卫生服务,在空间分异程度上呈现社会保障服务>医疗卫生服务>环境保护服务>基础设施服务>科技教育服务;2资源型城市基本公共服务的综合效率整体一般,与规模效率有效的7个资源型城市完全一致,除阜新市、双鸭山市和通化市以外,其余资源型城市均达到纯技术效率有效;3影响东北地区资源型城市基本公共服务效率的单项指标障碍因子方面,用水普及率、污水集中处理率、燃气普及率、人均公共绿地面积和万人医生数分列障碍度前5位,子系统障碍因子方面,障碍度大小依次为基础设施服务、社会保障服务、医疗卫生服务、环境保护服务和科技教育服务。最后,有针对性的提出基本公共服务供给主体与方式的多元化、根据区域实际建立有效评价体系、完善基础设施服务等3个方面的政策建议。

Basic public service is the basic social condition to ensure people＇ s livelihood and civil liberties and realize the fairness and justice in the process of new urbanization. The efficiency promotion is the key point to improve the level of basic public service in the short term. Taking the resource-based cities in Northeast China as the study cases, this article used the methods of data envelopment analysis model and obstacle degree model to make a quantitative measurement of efficiency of basic public service and obstacle indicators in 2012. Some conclusions were drawn as follows： The regional differentiation of basic public service among different resource-based cities is obvious. Panjin and Shuangyashan are the maximum and minimum score regions, respectively. The development levels of different basic public services present the pattern that technical education service 〉 environmental protection service 〉 infrastructure service 〉 social security service 〉 medical health service, and the degrees of spatial differences present the pattern that social security service 〉 medical health service 〉 environmental protection service 〉 infrastructure service 〉 technical education service. The comprehensive efficiency of basic public service is not high as a whole, and the scale efficiency of seven resource-based cities is fully consistent with comprehensive efficiency. Except Fuxin, Shuangyashan, Tonghua, the pure technical efficiency of rest resource-based cities is effective. The percentage of urban population with access to tap water, rate of treatment of waste water, percentage of population with access to gas, per capital public green areas and number of doctors per 10000 persons are the top five obstacle indicators, and the degrees of subsystem obstacle present the pattern that infrastructure service 〉 social security service 〉 medical healthy service 〉 environmental protection service 〉 technical education service. Therefore, some efforts should be made in the choices of index, methods , scale and mechanism in the future. Finally, three targeted proposals have been drawn： the diversity of supply subject and way,establishing the effective evaluation system based on regional circumstances, and improving the infrastructure service.