城市生态管理概念、模式与资源利用效率

Urban Ecological Management: Concept,Mode and Resource Utilization Efficiency

快速城市化带来的资源需求压力与生态破坏使得城市生态系统面临着严峻挑战。将生态文明建设的理念和原则融入城市化过程,探求更加合理的城市发展模式和人类聚居与行为模式,是保障我国城市化健康、高质量发展的关键,从这个意义上看,服务于改善城市生态管理的科学问题的探讨极具现实意义。本文分析了城市生态管理的概念及内涵,发现目前城市生态管理模式还没有一套比较完整权威的定义;单方面针对生态城市建设具体问题的成功案例多有报道,但综合的、多维的管理模式鲜有涉及;在可推广的、规范化的构建生态城市管理模式的标准体系和可操作的实施指南制定方面的研究也乏善可陈。兼顾落实生态管理模式到具体可循的层面和构建城市生态综合管理体系的现实需求,本文提出从城市规划、产业结构、资源政策、生态环境保护措施与标准、组织形式等五个核心方面诠释城市生态管理模式,即:面向生态环境承载力要规划先行,面向资源环境禀赋要优化升级产业结构,面向高效、节约利用资源要进行政策引导与调控,面向生态环境保护要完善措施与标准,面向更广泛参与要积极探索多元组织模式。本文还评述了城市生态管理模式对城市资源利用效率的影响方面的研究,发现城市生态管理模式对城市资源利用效率影响方面的研究比较零散,多侧重于某一单一因素对资源利用效率的影响解析,逻辑清晰的研究体系尚未完全建立,没有揭示多个因素的共同作用机理,并在一定程度上限制了对资源利用效率结果的认识。鉴于此,本文建议加强对生态管理模式及其对城市资源利用效率方面的深入研究。

The resource demand pressure and ecological environment degradation that result from rapid urbanization leave the urban eco-system facing serious challenges. It is crucial to integrate the idea and principles of ecological civilization construction into the process of urbanization and to explore sustainable modes of both urban development and inhabitant behaviors in order to guarantee healthy and high-quality urban development. The examination of scientific issues that support urban ecological management is therefore of practical significance. In the present study, we analyze the concept and connotations of urban ecological management and find that there is currently no integrated and authoritative definition for the urban ecological management mode. Most of the reported case studies focus only on the handling of specific ecological and environmental problems, and studies of the integrated multi-dimensional management mode of ecological cities remain underexplored. On the basis of an extensive literature review, we also find that systematically normalized standards and operational implementation guidelines for the construction of eco-eities do not exist. By taking into account the implementation of the eeo-management mode at the specific level of the integrated urban ecological management system, and with reference to the system＇ s practical needs, we interpret the urban ecological management mode from the perspective of urban spatial planning, industrial structure, resource policies, coo-environmental protection measures and standards, and forms of participation. We recommend that spatial planning should proceed with regard to the threshold of coo-environment capacity, that industrial structure should be upgraded considering the endowment of resources and the environment, that policies and regulations should be formulated and aimed at the efficient utilization of resources, that standards and measures for ecological and environmental protection should be improved, and that a diverse range of organizational types and behaviors should be explored towards wide public participation. The literature review also indicates that previous studies of the impacts of the urban ecological management mode on the efficiency of urban resource utilization are widely dispersed. Most of these previous studies focus on a particular single factor that impacts urban resource utilization, and clear and logical research frameworks and systems have not yet been fully established. Consequently, we highlight the urgency and significance of examining the urban ecological management mode and investigating its impacts on the efficiency of urban resource utilization.