构建绿色农业投融资机制须破解的难题及路径选择

Obstacles and Path Selection about the Construction of Green Agricultural Investment and Financing Mechanism

发展绿色农业逐渐成为新常态下我国农业可持续发展的方向性选择,但内外资金困境成为制约绿色农业发展的巨大难题,绿色农业发展的资金困境呼唤着尽快构建绿色农业投融资机制。本文对绿色农业发展面临的资金困境进行了成因梳理和分析,指出绿色农业的内生性资金供应不充分是资金困境的内因,绿色农业的外部性资金供应不给力是资金困境的外因,而财政支农资金作用受限、金融支持资金供给不足、社会投入资金增长有限的三大资金困境的外化矛盾加剧,进一步凸显了构建投融资机制的紧迫性。本文还对绿色农业发展的资金外化矛盾的原因进行了描述性分析,具体归纳为财政资金使用效率低下弱化了资金增长的导向性,绿色农业认证和信用体系缺失弱化了资金风险的可控性,绿色农业内在效益显现不足弱化了资金投入的增长性。正是基于以上原因梳理分析,本文提出应实施双轮驱动,从内外两个方面着力解决绿色农业发展的资金困境。从内部讲是要增强绿色农业的内生收益性,提高内部资金循环的自供能力;从外部讲是要增强绿色农业的资金使用效率,健全基础性体系建设,提高外部资金供应的增长能力。构建绿色农业投融资机制,是破解绿色农业外部资金困境有效的重要措施。对照形成外部资金困境和外化矛盾的原因,提出了破解资金难题,构建绿色农业投融资机制的路径选择。在路径选择上,应加强绿色农业投融资机制建设的顶层设计,加快绿色农业认证体系建设和绿色农业信用体系建设,发挥财政、金融和保险"三位一体"的功能作用,从而构建有效的绿色农业投融资机制,增加绿色农业资金供给,推动绿色农业持续健康发展。

Under the ＇ new normal＇ in our country, green agriculture has gradually become directional selection for the sustainable development of agriculture, but the internal and external financial barriers have become a huge difficulty to the development of green agriculture. For this reality, the financial barriers appeal to building green agricultural financing mechanism as soon as possible. This paper analysed the reasons of fund troubles of green agricultural development, and pointed out that inadequately endogenous money supply of green agriculture is an internal cause of the fund troubles and inadequately external money supply is the external cause of the fund troubles. External contradiction has been sharpened by three fund troubles consisting of limited effect of fiscal funds for agriculture, inadequately financial support funds and limited growth of social capital. The contradiction further highlights the urgency of the construction of investment and financing mechanism. This paper had also carried on the descriptive analysis about external contradiction of funds problem of the green agricultural development, which specifically summarized as the inefficient use of public funds weakening capital growth guidance, the lack of green agricultural certification and credit system weakening the controlled financial risk and less internal benefits of green agriculture weakening the growth of capital investment. It is conduded based on the above analysis that the two-wheel drive to efficiently solve fund troubles of green agricultural development from both internal and external should be put forward. From the internal consideration, we need to enhance the endogenous profitability of green agriculture to improve the autonomous ability of internal capital circulation. From the external consideration, we need to enhance the efficiency of the use of funds of green agriculture and improve basic system construction to improve the growth ability of external funds. Building green agricultural investment and financing mechanism are two important measures to effectively solve green agriculture external fund troubles. Considered formation of external financial troubles and reasons of the external contradiction, the paper put forward the path selection to solve funds problem and build green agricultural investment and financing mechanism. As to the path selection, China should strengthen the top design of green agricultural investment and financing mechanism, and try to optimize the construction of demonstration system and credit system of green agriculture. The ＇ three-incentive＇ measures consisting of financing, banking and insurance have profound meaning in promoting the construction of green agricultural investment and financing mechanism and the development of green agriculture.