鱼类营养研究概述

General Review of the Important Aquacultural Fishes' Nutrition

概述了近 1 0年来国内外重要养殖鱼类营养的研究进展。包括维持鱼类生长需要的蛋白质、必需氨基酸、碳水化合物、脂肪、必需脂肪酸、维生素和矿物质的需要情况。不同鱼种所需的适宜蛋白质含量不同 ,一般来说海水鱼比淡水鱼需要量多 ,幼体比成体需要量大 ;ω3脂肪酸对海水鱼类较重要 ,而ω6对淡水鱼类相对较重要 ;鱼类由于缺乏胰岛素对糖类分解能力低 ,因此对碳水化合物的需要量较低 ;维生素和矿物质不同种类对鱼体产生的影响不同 ,一定量的维生素和矿物质是维持鱼体生长和存活必不可少的。

The paper generalized the research on nutrition of some important aquacultural fishes in the recent 10 years including fish's requirements of protein, essential amino acid, carbohydrate, lipid, essential fatty acid, vitamin as well as material element. In a generalizing word, seawater fish often needs more protein than freshwater one, and young fish than mature one. ω3 fatty acid is essential to seawater fish while ω6 one is important to freshwater fish. Fish needs less carbohydrate than other animal because its low decomposing ability and the absence of insulin. Material and vitamin is essential to young fish and in especially season, such as hot season and cold season as well as in disadvantage environments.