清代士人视野下的丽江纳西族葬俗变迁研究

Study on Changes of Lijiang Naxi Nationality's Funeral Customs from the Perspective of the Scholars in Qing Dynasty

清代之前丽江纳西族地区以火葬为主,进入清代后土葬开始传播,经历了前期的提倡、中期的推行及后期的普及3个阶段。政治经济变革、教育发展、官方倡导、外来移民是这一葬俗变革的重要因素。在推行土葬过程中,至清代后期丽江坝子及周边地区土葬已经普及,而对居住在偏远山区的居民影响有限,显示出区域间的不平衡性。

Before Qing Dynasty, Lijiang Naxi areas had mainly used cremation, and inhumation had began to spread after Qing Dynasty. It experienced the 3 stages： advocation at the early stage, implementation at the mid stage and popularization at the later stage. The political and economic reform, the development of education, the official advocacy and immigrants were important factors of the changes of funeral customs. In the process of carrying out inhumation, different regions exist unbalance with the popularization in Lijiang and surrounding areas in the late Qing Dynasty while the limited effects in remote and mountainous regions.